Some off the top of my head, which may be used in other fields as well:
"shall we dance?" - uttered when you are tying your scrub gown
"peek and shriek" - to open the belly and find non-resectable disease or widespread mets, carcinomatosis
"high slug titre" - lazy patient who won't get out of bed
"retained farts" - picture of an SBO on a plain abdo film; alt: unborn farts
"FOS" - alternative reason for SBO; full of &^%$
"virgin abdomen" - no prior surgical history
"gridiron or road map abdomen" - lots of previous procedures, scars and potential for a long day (and night) in the OR
"line her/him up" - obtain central venous access
"liquid cheeseburgers/steaks, etc." - TPN
"milk" - Propofol
"White cloud/black cloud" - refers to how much luck you have when you're on call; white clouds have a lot
"Vitamin H" - Haldol
"Whacked" - to remove, as in "we whacked out his appendix last night"
"trying to help" - what you tell the anesthesiologist the patient is doing (ie, "she's trying to help") when the are moving on the OR table
"fat pass" - gastric bypass
"the box" - used to describe the anatomical area of the chest in which a penetrating missile injury needs to be explored in the OR
"horrendoplasty/horrendoectomy" - used to describe extremely long and painful procedures
"unfascinoma" - used to describe above, which sounded good, until the 12th hour; also for procedures/diagnoses which attendings are excited about but the residents less so
"happy little campers" - kids in oxygen tents in the PICU
"total gutectomy" - describes big whacks in which nearly everything is removed; corollary: "possible this, possible that" - describes consent form
"strip the drain" - to attempt to remove clots from JP or Blake drains by grasping drain at its skin exit site and pinching it along its length
"crack back the drain" - remove the drain by a certain amount over a certain period of time
"trauma train/trauma two for 1" - refers to the trach and PEG procedures many trauma patients end up with
"the garden" - refers to the Neurosx ICU where the vegetables live
"feed and seed" - refers to care of patients in the garden
"sips" - 30 cc/hr of oral intake
"clears" - oral diet consisting of clear liquids (ie, water, cranberry juice, apple juice, Jello)
"fulls" - oral diet which consists of creams (ie, yogurt, cream of wheat, puddings)
"low residue" - diet often given to patients after colorectal surgery; low in undigestable fiber
"sucking on the peace pipe/on the blower/tubed" - refers to a ventilated patient