Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = 2/3 (diastolic BP) + 1/3 (systolic BP)
Also, MAP = CO x TPR
Therefore, CO x TPR = 2/3 (diastolic BP) + 1/3 (systolic BP).
So TPR increases MAP because it increases both diastolic and systolic BP. A change in TPR that doesn't change the same direction as blood pressure would likely be because another variable of BP such as intravascular volume was changed (e.g. hypovolemia --> low BP --> compensatory increased TPR).