VA Mental Health Provider Venting / Problem-solving / Peer Support Thread

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I think it's interesting how (relatively) easy it is to get SC compared to SSDI for mental health conditions.

Political expediency. No politician, local or national, wants to be seen as unfriendly to vets, so any and every slight brought to larger attention is addressed to that end, whether it's warranted or not. SSDI appears to be more lumped in with the welfare system, and we all know how that group is generally treated in political discussions.
 
I think it's interesting how (relatively) easy it is to get SC compared to SSDI for mental health conditions.
And I find it even more interesting that the 'common knowledge' (as voiced) among veterans is just how impossible it is to get service-connected for PTSD and how the VA system and its providers are dedicated (supposedly motivated) to denying it to those who have it. Inverted reality.
 
And I find it even more interesting that the 'common knowledge' (as voiced) among veterans is just how impossible it is to get service-connected for PTSD and how the VA system and its providers are dedicated (supposedly motivated) to denying it to those who have it. Inverted reality.

Indeed, no (non-uber wealthy) group in the US has access to as many varied benefits as this group, yet the prevailing narrative is only on how much they are being "let down." Seriously, people need to work in a non-profit healthcare system that gets a majority of medicare/medicaid pts to see how cush the VA really is.
 
And I find it even more interesting that the 'common knowledge' (as voiced) among veterans is just how impossible it is to get service-connected for PTSD and how the VA system and its providers are dedicated (supposedly motivated) to denying it to those who have it. Inverted reality.

The interesting thing about this will be whether it changes in the future continue on the way it has. As the military has been increasingly populated by lower SES folks and minorities compared to the WWII to Vietnam days, I am curious to see if the political will to pay for them will change as well. It may be that we see an erosion of the benefits and the system in the future. Many of my older vets already complain that military service is not seen by the general pop the way it used to be in the past. What happens when they see an increasingly minority and lower SES face rather than the middle class white male?
 
Indeed, no (non-uber wealthy) group in the US has access to as many varied benefits as this group, yet the prevailing narrative is only on how much they are being "let down." Seriously, people need to work in a non-profit healthcare system that gets a majority of medicare/medicaid pts to see how cush the VA really is.

YES. So many of the complaints about the VA healthcare system apply to healthcare as a whole. Honestly, some days I am so jealous when I look at my patients' charts and see how easy it was them to access, say, specialty care referrals. And no one can convince me that we don't provide some of the best mental healthcare around.

As we've said numerous time on this board, imagine the VA is privatized. No way would providers in private healthcare systems put up with what VA providers put up with.
 
YES. So many of the complaints about the VA healthcare system apply to healthcare as a whole. Honestly, some days I am so jealous when I look at my patients' charts and see how easy it was them to access, say, specialty care referrals. And no one can convince me that we don't provide some of the best mental healthcare around.

As we've said numerous time on this board, imagine the VA is privatized. No way would providers in private healthcare systems put up with what VA providers put up with.
...and no way would we have the numerical majority of folks in a 'mental health product line' not seeing patients or having caseloads.
 
YES. So many of the complaints about the VA healthcare system apply to healthcare as a whole. Honestly, some days I am so jealous when I look at my patients' charts and see how easy it was them to access, say, specialty care referrals. And no one can convince me that we don't provide some of the best mental healthcare around.

As we've said numerous time on this board, imagine the VA is privatized. No way would providers in private healthcare systems put up with what VA providers put up with.

Yup, at least for neuropsych evals in my area, good luck finding anything in the community more than 4 months out. And, if you no show me, I am not rescheduling. I have had 2 no shows in a year and a half in private practice for clinical patients, and one was because the pt was hospitalized the night before. My no show rate in the VA was roughly 20-33% in any given quarter. Higher no show rates for IME work, but I don't mind that due to my exorbitant no show fee.
 
YES. So many of the complaints about the VA healthcare system apply to healthcare as a whole. Honestly, some days I am so jealous when I look at my patients' charts and see how easy it was them to access, say, specialty care referrals. And no one can convince me that we don't provide some of the best mental healthcare around.

As we've said numerous time on this board, imagine the VA is privatized. No way would providers in private healthcare systems put up with what VA providers put up with.

My job would not exist in the private VA. When I told my old boss my productivity expectations at my current gig, his first question.... "What do you do with the rest of your time?".

The answer to that question has largely been bend over backwards to accommodate people. At my old job, patients had little to no say in what happened other than refusing services. There was never a discussion of their "preference" in what I did. My goal was to make money and that was done with productivity.
 
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Hi guys, is there a specific minimum # of patients we should see each day, or is it all about the RVU's?
 
Hi guys, is there a specific minimum # of patients we should see each day, or is it all about the RVU's?

This is entirely dependent on the services you are delivering, the unit you work on/with, and the flavor of the month that is VA productivity tracking.
 
i thought (obviously erroneously, I can't even cite the source of this information) in an 8-hour day (seeing individual patients) 6 patients was "enough"
 
Back when I cared more I did Google searches myself (since we weren't given anything specific) for VA-related docs relevant to this issue. I remember at some point coming across a PowerPoint presentation that was apparently done at the national (or maybe VISN) level by someone in some central office outlining an argument that six hourly sessions per day should be the standard for an 8 hour shift but I can't lay hands on the document right now.
 
Hi guys, is there a specific minimum # of patients we should see each day, or is it all about the RVU's?
When you have evals with your direct supervisor, do they talk more about RVUs, clinic utilization, encounters, etc?

If your facility is more RVU based, even if you see 6 pts everyday but only for 30-45 mins each (plus no shows and cancellations), your RVU numbers may be on the lower side compared to people who consistently have longer apts, do lots of high attendance groups, or have lots of intakes.
 
YES. So many of the complaints about the VA healthcare system apply to healthcare as a whole. Honestly, some days I am so jealous when I look at my patients' charts and see how easy it was them to access, say, specialty care referrals. And no one can convince me that we don't provide some of the best mental healthcare around.

As we've said numerous time on this board, imagine the VA is privatized. No way would providers in private healthcare systems put up with what VA providers put up with.
I’m in a private hospital and I think it’s just different. Many VA providers wouldn’t put up with the stuff in the private sector. But I agree that the patient entitlement wouldn’t fly. I read somewhere the huge amount of money that is wasted when Veterans (regularly) no-show to colonoscopies. The expense being the provider and the anesthesia team, and there’s no negative repercussions whatsoever.
 
I've got to learn to work smarter not harder, without "cooking the books" though i swear others do it!
The main thing I'd recommend is just to be sure you're coding correctly to adequately capture the time you're spending with patients. You can definitely try checking with other psychologists to see what they're doing, or even reach out to your psychology chief to see if they have advice.

As others have said, whether 6 patients/day is "enough" really depends on a number of factors, not least of which is how your particular facility prefers to track provider productivity. If those patients are all for hour-long appointments, then that's 75% utilization overall, or 85% if you take out an hour per day for lunch/breaks (I can't remember if VA does that when calculating clinic utilization, but I would hope they do). I think most of the time, they try for at least 80%. I don't know the wRVU rates for 50-minute therapy sessions off-hand, but you could broadly extrapolate that over the course of a year and see what it works out to. I'd be surprised if 6 hour-long therapy sessions per day doesn't meet your facility's RVU metric, especially if some of those sessions are intakes (i.e., 90791).

And yeah, groups can really pump up the wRVU numbers sometimes. Also, if you participate in training and your extern/intern sees patients in your clinic, you get credit for those hours (to essentially make up for the time you spend in supervision, discussing cases and reviewing notes outside of supervision, completing general training-related administrative tasks like performance evaluations, etc.).
 
I've got to learn to work smarter not harder, without "cooking the books" though i swear others do it!
For a 53+ min session, you get 3.0 RVUs while a 38-52 min session is only 2.0 RVUs. And 1.5 RVUs for 16-37. These differences over a whole year is pretty substantial so accurately coding can definitely help if you haven't been as attentive in this respect. Good luck!
 
The main thing I'd recommend is just to be sure you're coding correctly to adequately capture the time you're spending with patients. You can definitely try checking with other psychologists to see what they're doing, or even reach out to your psychology chief to see if they have advice.

As others have said, whether 6 patients/day is "enough" really depends on a number of factors, not least of which is how your particular facility prefers to track provider productivity. If those patients are all for hour-long appointments, then that's 75% utilization overall, or 85% if you take out an hour per day for lunch/breaks (I can't remember if VA does that when calculating clinic utilization, but I would hope they do). I think most of the time, they try for at least 80%. I don't know the wRVU rates for 50-minute therapy sessions off-hand, but you could broadly extrapolate that over the course of a year and see what it works out to. I'd be surprised if 6 hour-long therapy sessions per day doesn't meet your facility's RVU metric, especially if some of those sessions are intakes (i.e., 90791).

And yeah, groups can really pump up the wRVU numbers sometimes. Also, if you participate in training and your extern/intern sees patients in your clinic, you get credit for those hours (to essentially make up for the time you spend in supervision, discussing cases and reviewing notes outside of supervision, completing general training-related administrative tasks like performance evaluations, etc.).

It will generally meet the national standard (6x 90837/day that is). The thing that gets tricky later on in your career is they do a poor job accounting for all the vacation and sick time they give you. So, it slowly edges up toward 7/day when you are able to take more leave, IIRC.
 
For a 53+ min session, you get 3.0 RVUs while a 38-52 min session is only 2.0 RVUs. And 1.5 RVUs for 16-37. These differences over a whole year is pretty substantial so accurately coding can definitely help if you haven't been as attentive in this respect. Good luck!
Just make sure that you routinely end a psychotherapy session with an extremely complex client who probably has no-showed and cancelled so many times that this is the ONE appointment you've had with them in the last three months PRECISELY at minute 53 or 54 into the session so you can both max out on your RVU stats/score and have a whole five minutes between clients to (1) use the restroom; (2) complete your scoring of your wonderful 'outcome metrics' self-report instruments; (3) complete your chart note; (4) update their 'treatment plan' in mental health suite; and (5) prepare for your next session by reading their chart. Takes a pretty high skillset.
 
Just make sure that you routinely end a psychotherapy session with an extremely complex client who probably has no-showed and cancelled so many times that this is the ONE appointment you've had with them in the last three months PRECISELY at minute 53 or 54 into the session so you can both max out on your RVU stats/score and have a whole five minutes between clients to (1) use the restroom; (2) complete your scoring of your wonderful 'outcome metrics' self-report instruments; (3) complete your chart note; (4) update their 'treatment plan' in mental health suite; and (5) prepare for your next session by reading their chart. Takes a pretty high skillset.

The problem the clinic folks have is they schedule you for a set number of appts regardless of billing. If you are good about 90837s, you need to block an extra hour out for paperwork and see 1 less client.
 
The problem the clinic folks have is they schedule you for a set number of appts regardless of billing. If you are good about 90837s, you need to block an extra hour out for paperwork and see 1 less client.
Hell, we've had recurrent problems with clerks erroneously scheduling us OUTSIDE of our clinic grids, even (don't ask me how). Regardless of our attempts at self-advocacy and trying to get the problem addressed, it still happens on occasion. At that point, you're screwed because you can either commit the 'sin' of canceling a veteran at the last minute (once YOU, not the CLERK) discover the scheduling error or you can just 'eat' it and work overtime.
 
Hell, we've had recurrent problems with clerks erroneously scheduling us OUTSIDE of our clinic grids, even (don't ask me how). Regardless of our attempts at self-advocacy and trying to get the problem addressed, it still happens on occasion. At that point, you're screwed because you can either commit the 'sin' of canceling a veteran at the last minute (once YOU, not the CLERK) discover the scheduling error or you can just 'eat' it and work overtime.
One thing I have not learned much about but would be helpful is the Voodoo of making and editing the clinics in the LEAF system so they can't do such things. I think that it may have to do with how overbooks are setup.
 
Also, if you use the 53+ min code, you're supposed to justify in your note why you needed the extra time. Soo... we're kinda between a rock and a hard place here.

We are not usually billing insurance. I have never justified it at the VA (or outside the insurance system) and never gotten kickback in 5 years. There is nothing is the codes saying that you need to justify a 90837. That is all insurance nonsense.
 
Also, if you use the 53+ min code, you're supposed to justify in your note why you needed the extra time. Soo... we're kinda between a rock and a hard place here.
That must be specific to your site. I've never heard of that rule (at least at my site). Heck, at my site you're expected to use the full time to maximize RVU's (that is, if you ask leadership on Mondays, Tuesdays, or Wednesdays...ask them on Thursdays or Fridays, it's the opposite--e.g., you need to leave time for yourself in between sessions so you are to stop at 45 mins). Who knows.
 
We are not usually billing insurance. I have never justified it at the VA (or outside the insurance system) and never gotten kickback in 5 years. There is nothing is the codes saying that you need to justify a 90837. That is all insurance nonsense.
My understanding is that it's not uncommon for VA to bill insurance, and they theoretically attempt to bill whenever possible (and appropriate). I vaguely recall them mentioning this when discussing why providers shouldn't just automatically check that a visit is service-connected when it may not be. But considering most patients seeing MH providers in VA are service-connected for MH diagnoses, it may not come into play as much for psychologists. Anecdotally, in all my time at VA, I got exactly two emails about insurance that required additional information on my part (e.g., how long I spent administering each test), and the end result was that the insurance company said I could've billed for more. So I suspect MH providers are, more commonly, at the mercy of the billing folks at their own VA in terms of what actually needs to go into the notes. But to your point, no, I don't ever remember hearing of anyone at my VA needing to justify using the 53+ minute codes, either.

As for the LEAF system, at least at my VA, they were severely protective of access to the ability to setup clinic grids. At best, each service, or perhaps even each hospital and CBOC, had one person with those privileges. There are indeed specifications you can set as to how many overbooks (if any) can occur. We also had individual clerks assigned to groups of providers so they could better understand the ins and outs of each person's clinic (e.g., all new patients go here, all follow-ups go here). The part that was always especially aggravating for me was the inability to book into a specific clinic at all, even as an overbook, if you didn't have at least one normal (recurring) clinic slot on that day. So let's say I typically see my testing patients on Mo, Tu, Th, Fr, and I want to fit someone in on a Wednesday to get them in ASAP. Not gonna happen in that testing clinic. Same goes for feedback if I normally see those on Wednesdays but wanted to work someone in on a Friday. So that always required lots of finagling and instant messaging with clerks.
 
My understanding is that it's not uncommon for VA to bill insurance, and they theoretically attempt to bill whenever possible (and appropriate). I vaguely recall them mentioning this when discussing why providers shouldn't just automatically check that a visit is service-connected when it may not be. But considering most patients seeing MH providers in VA are service-connected for MH diagnoses, it may not come into play as much for psychologists. Anecdotally, in all my time at VA, I got exactly two emails about insurance that required additional information on my part (e.g., how long I spent administering each test), and the end result was that the insurance company said I could've billed for more. So I suspect MH providers are, more commonly, at the mercy of the billing folks at their own VA in terms of what actually needs to go into the notes. But to your point, no, I don't ever remember hearing of anyone at my VA needing to justify using the 53+ minute codes, either.

As for the LEAF system, at least at my VA, they were severely protective of access to the ability to setup clinic grids. At best, each service, or perhaps even each hospital and CBOC, had one person with those privileges. There are indeed specifications you can set as to how many overbooks (if any) can occur. We also had individual clerks assigned to groups of providers so they could better understand the ins and outs of each person's clinic (e.g., all new patients go here, all follow-ups go here). The part that was always especially aggravating for me was the inability to book into a specific clinic at all, even as an overbook, if you didn't have at least one normal (recurring) clinic slot on that day. So let's say I typically see my testing patients on Mo, Tu, Th, Fr, and I want to fit someone in on a Wednesday to get them in ASAP. Not gonna happen in that testing clinic. Same goes for feedback if I normally see those on Wednesdays but wanted to work someone in on a Friday. So that always required lots of finagling and instant messaging with clerks.

You're correct. I should have said that our metrics are not based on insurance reimbursement and there is no reason we need to justify billing a 90837. Specific insurance contracts do require pre-auth or specific dx/tx plans to approve it, but that dos not matter for us.

As for the LEAF clinic, not at my VA. I had to build my own VVC clinic (put in my own LEAF request that is) during the pandemic. Pretty sure the person that handles that stuff in my dept quit at some point and was never replaced.
 
You're correct. I should have said that our metrics are not based on insurance reimbursement and there is no reason we need to justify billing a 90837. Specific insurance contracts do require pre-auth or specific dx/tx plans to approve it, but that dos not matter for us.

As for the LEAF clinic, not at my VA. I had to build my own VVC clinic (put in my own LEAF request that is) during the pandemic. Pretty sure the person that handles that stuff in my dept quit at some point and was never replaced.
Oh, yes, I also had to put in my own LEAF requests, but there was maybe one person who actually had the ability to build the grids. For our clinic, it used to be more, but then they started yanking that ability, as well as scheduling keys, from lots of folks.
 
Did other sites have to battle over F2F vs VVC grid flexibility? The providers were given a specific number of VVC and F2F slots to fill. I hope that was just a COVID thing where someone was obsessed with tracking that sort of thing.
 
Did other sites have to battle over F2F vs VVC grid flexibility? The providers were given a specific number of VVC and F2F slots to fill. I hope that was just a COVID thing where someone was obsessed with tracking that sort of thing.
I think 'leadership' tacitly believes that we have 'separate' fixed slots (time periods) for F2F and separate fixed slots for virtual. In practice, however, that would be a logistical nightmare to schedule and there is no way that our clerks would ever work that hard. Plus, it would be quite inefficient, in my opinion. Scheduling is difficult enough as is. They do, of course, monitor percentages of F2F vs. virtual and yell at people who don't have 'enough' utilization of telehealth appointments in their clinics.
 
We are not usually billing insurance. I have never justified it at the VA (or outside the insurance system) and never gotten kickback in 5 years. There is nothing is the codes saying that you need to justify a 90837. That is all insurance nonsense.

That must be specific to your site. I've never heard of that rule (at least at my site). Heck, at my site you're expected to use the full time to maximize RVU's (that is, if you ask leadership on Mondays, Tuesdays, or Wednesdays...ask them on Thursdays or Fridays, it's the opposite--e.g., you need to leave time for yourself in between sessions so you are to stop at 45 mins). Who knows.

This came from the national EBP people.
 
This came from the national EBP people.

They're wrong. The only one I trust with CPT coding is Cliff Smith (The head of VA central office analytics). I have heard from Tony Puente's lips that there are no restrictions on it from the AMA and he is the one that sat with them and made up the new codes for 2014.
 
They're wrong. The only one I trust with CPT coding is Cliff Smith (The head of VA central office analytics). I have heard from Tony Puente's lips that there are no restrictions on it from the AMA and he is the one that sat with them and made up the new codes for 2014.

Well, now I'm confused. And annoyed, because I've been adding stupid justifications to my notes this WHOLE TIME.
 
Well, now I'm confused. And annoyed, because I've been adding stupid justifications to my notes this WHOLE TIME.
That sucks and I'm sorry that you experienced this. However, this type of situation is the exact reason I started this thread so long ago. There is, typically, ZERO meaningful, consistent communication on 'what we should be doing' between the system and providers and providers are often so isolated from one another (and, as a result, we don't frequently even communicate among ourselves). As a result, we are often confused about what we are even supposed to be doing, let alone how to do it. As a rule, people in the trenches are terrified to ask questions of admin/'the system' for fear of standing out (and being hammered down like an errant nail sticking out of a board) or appearing rebellious or 'problematic' as an employee.
 
As a rule, people in the trenches are terrified to ask questions of admin/'the system' for fear of standing out (and being hammered down like an errant nail sticking out of a board) or appearing rebellious or 'problematic' as an employee.
What kind of gulag-type mentality does your leadership have?? Jeeeez I would have been out of there ages ago. As a leader on my site, I welcome questions. You get solutions that way.
 
This came from the national EBP people.
Ugh. They theoretically should know but that isn’t always the case from my experience.

It feels like desired outcomes between providers and National should be very closely aligned but alas, that is definitely not always the case as our incentives can be quite different at times (providing good care for a patient versus trying to demonstrate to politicians that VA is providing good care).
The only one I trust with CPT coding is Cliff Smith (The head of VA central office analytics).
Yup. I have seen or maybe even have a PowerPoint created by Cliff that has no restrictions on 53+ min coding.
What kind of gulag-type mentality does your leadership have?? Jeeeez I would have been out of there ages ago. As a leader on my site, I welcome questions. You get solutions that way.
Every facility is different but what I’ve experienced more is providers becoming indifferent either because it can be challenging to figure out the right way to do things due to the top down hierarchy of VA where everybody has to ask the person directly above them and you’re not even sure if/when you’ll get a firm answer.

Or scenarios where leadership are indifferent to incompetent (e.g., ‘promoted’ out of a clinical role to spare veterans from poor pt care since you can’t fire people basically) so the attitude becomes ‘Why even bother? I’ll just keep doing what I’m doing’.
 
Do any of you that do trauma therapy get referrals from VJO who are insistent that the patient do trauma therapy RIGHT NOW even though it's clearly not a good time and they aren't able to fully engage? So frustrating.
 
I do tons of trauma work in post-deployment. No, I've never had VJO insist on anything, clinically. My first thought would be that this would be wildly inappropriate for them to do since they are not clinicians treating the patient. Not only that, but it is literally impossible to *force* ANY particular aspect of therapy on a client, especially a protocol. Not only that, but the motivational interviewing literature CLEARLY articulates how counter-productive and anti-therapeutic (even harmful) such efforts would likely be. Even the damned 'Expert Consensus Guidelines for PTSD' that the VA/DoD have put together CLEARLY articulate the actual definition/concept of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy as including the KEY component of patient choice/preferences.

Edit: I've never had VJO appear to insist on anything, clinically (Edit: 'except, of course, regular attendance of appointments and compliance with therapy as appropriately guided by the collaborative provider/patient dyad')
 
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It may be speculation on my part, but...

It's likely that some judge sees it as their 'job' to *force* some attorney to *force* the VJO person to *force* you to *force* the veteran to engage in trauma-focused therapy protocols immediately. This just reveals how ridiculous our system (and embedded beliefs/values/assumptions) has become.
 
I do tons of trauma work in post-deployment. No, I've never had VJO insist on anything, clinically. My first thought would be that this would be wildly inappropriate for them to do since they are not clinicians treating the patient. Not only that, but it is literally impossible to *force* ANY particular aspect of therapy on a client, especially a protocol. Not only that, but the motivational interviewing literature CLEARLY articulates how counter-productive and anti-therapeutic (even harmful) such efforts would likely be. Even the damned 'Expert Consensus Guidelines for PTSD' that the VA/DoD have put together CLEARLY articulate the actual definition/concept of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy as including the KEY component of patient choice/preferences.

Yeah, they pressure the patient. And then VTC has them involved in so many damn things at the same time (like groups) that they're super overwhelmed and aren't able to put their 100% into the PTSD work.
 
Yeah, they pressure the patient. And then VTC has them involved in so many damn things at the same time (like groups) that they're super overwhelmed and aren't able to put their 100% into the PTSD work.
Fun fact: Those same 'Expert Consensus' guidelines that VA/DoD published indicate that group therapy for PTSD actually sucks. Barely better than 'no treatment.' Also, they explicitly state that organizations/clinics SHOULD NOT utilize the group format as some sort of 'solution' to access issues. The FULL guidelines actually explicitly state these things. However, I suspect that in the vast majority of VA hospital systems, providers/veterans are pressured to do the exact opposite of what these guidelines state.
 
Do any of you that do trauma therapy get referrals from VJO who are insistent that the patient do trauma therapy RIGHT NOW even though it's clearly not a good time and they aren't able to fully engage? So frustrating.
I mean, right on p. 45 of the most recent (and I know it's currently being updated, but still...) VA/DoD Expert Consensus Guidelines, it clearly states:

"When individual trauma-focused psychotherapy is not readily available or not preferred, we
recommend pharmacotherapy (see Recommendation 17) or individual non-trauma-focused
psychotherapy
(see Recommendation 12). With respect to pharmacotherapy and non-trauma-
focused psychotherapy, there is insufficient evidence to recommend one over the other.
(Strong For | Reviewed, New-added)"

I mean, people can *read*, right? LOL
 
Yeah, they pressure the patient. And then VTC has them involved in so many damn things at the same time (like groups) that they're super overwhelmed and aren't able to put their 100% into the PTSD work.
I really like this one, too:

"15. We suggest manualized group therapy over no treatment. There is insufficient evidence to
recommend using one type of group therapy over any other.
(Weak For | Reviewed, New-replaced)"

I gotta hand it to them...this is a really clever way to indicate that group therapy is at the bottom of a ranked list of different treatment options ('better than no treatment at all'). It's the equivalent of saying, 'Yeah, I'd recommend you see Dr. X for treatment of your PTSD...that is...if absolutely no other therapists in the world are available to see you.' Again, LOL.
 
Fun fact: Those same 'Expert Consensus' guidelines that VA/DoD published indicate that group therapy for PTSD actually sucks. Barely better than 'no treatment.' Also, they explicitly state that organizations/clinics SHOULD NOT utilize the group format as some sort of 'solution' to access issues. The FULL guidelines actually explicitly state these things. However, I suspect that in the vast majority of VA hospital systems, providers/veterans are pressured to do the exact opposite of what these guidelines state.

Oh yeah, the groups aren't for PTSD treatment, but ancillary things like substance use or MRT.
 
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