Although in the OP's defense we have never really addressed what to do if you are interested in EM from day 1.
[size=+1]I'm an MS-1. How do I get into a great EM residency?[/size]
So we've already addressed what to in years MS3 and 4, but what if you are some sort of sick trauma junkie from day 1? Here is a short list:
#1. Talk to attendings in the ED. They may have info on what research is going on that you can get involved in, when you can shadow, etc.
#2. Get involved in your Emergency medicine Interest Group (hence forth EMIG). They will help you develop other contacts and besides you learn to do fun stuff.
#3. Join ACEP and SAEM. AAEM if you wish. Absolutely join EMRA. Through their publications you can see what the important current issues in EM are and what type of research is going on.
#4. Do research. I mean really - most schools have some type of requirement anyway. Try to find something that will be published (with your name on it).
#5. Go to national meetings. You get to talk to Program Directors, schmooze, get in tight with attendings at your home program, and have fun. This one is really optional but most people say it's worth it for the fun alone.
#6. Do other medical things besides EM. Really, you have to make an informed decision anyway so you have to decide if the grass is really greener on the other side.
#7. Get good grades. They don't have to be great, but failing is a red flag for any specialty. AOA and Honors are always a feather in your cap.
I think that really describes what you can do in years 1 and 2 to be set up to be a stellar EM applicant. I doubt anyone does ALL of these things, of the list I would say most do 1,3,6,and 7. No doubt some of my peeps will come along and add to the list...
Casey