Any neurologist worth their salt should be able to do a simple LP. Exceptions usually are severe degenerative spine/vertebrae, multiple bone spurs, etc. If the lidocaine is wearing off, the call to IR is much overdue--but they probably didn't want to acquiesce for pride's sake (or probably had been shamed and berated by senior attendings for their incapability). As a medical student, when should you speak up? If you're asking that question, you should, but probably not right in front of the patient. When it was clear that the patient was actually suffering, one could tell one of the residents "I need to speak to you quickly in private." Then express your concerns and offer solutions (i.e., "he's in pain let's either give him more lidocaine or call IR? I just feel uncomfortable with what we're doing to him"). Of course, the trick is not to psych yourself out because "if I say something and piss them off, I won't get honors" which is, unfortunately, what many med students would do since they are victims of terrible assessment/feedback pressure.