Why doesn't it surprise me that it was a pain guy giving himself a 30k salary...always schemin'. I wonder how that even happened, since thats a lower salary than a resident!
IRS compares trends of two to three years salary, and I believe any consecutive years if there is a more than 10% change, there is a flag and POSSIBLE audit. For instance, you cannot go from a 400k salary to 250K salary without raising a flag.
Any accountant worth his weight will hammer in the fact in you to learn the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion. So, I am not sure how your 'buddy' has managed to escape this all this time. 30K salary on 1.3 mil is asking for an investigation - and like any governmental agency, they typically do not care until you're caught - but when you're caught and dig deeper, you're done.
Maybe he means 30k per month which seems more reasonable?
In all honesty, I dont really find it all that weird from typical private practice pain doc. This is one thing I find very off putting about my colleagues. They leave anesthesia to make 'more money' and 'be independent' and 'avoid call', but then they end up with these schemes, evasions, and questionable things. Just the overall way of how they do things is never straight in my experience.