personally, I don't call MD's 'doctors'. They are physicians, surgeons, etc. DDS's are dentists, PharmD's are pharmacists. PhD's are doctors. Wayyy back long time ago-like there was only one prof. degree and it was the MD, so they were the only doctors besides PhD's so the title stuck like that, and is still stuck like that. Doctor isn't specific at all when you think about it.. doctor of what?? and why would you address someone by the category of their degree instead of what they do? just my opinion..
If you wanna technical answers only professors with phd are doctors because doctor means teachers, but pharmacist are professionals. Masters degree you get it from a graduate school but Jd pharmd md you get them from professional schools and it's base on the level of the education and also their legal obligation after graduation. Pharmacist just like medical doctors do have an option to do residency after school and by 2020 ASHP and ACCP are pushing for mandatory residencies for all graduates!
If you want to be technical, then you must follow the origin and use of the word, not just the latin translation.
The term "doctor" when referred to physicians (or medical practitioners) first appeared in the written English language in 1377. It even appeared in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Shakespeare in the early 1600s talked about doctors.
Doctor as in "teacher" appeared in 1387. The "Doctors of the Church" first appeared in 1303. In reference to the highest academic degree, it was first referenced in 1377. Interesting enough, a "doctor of law" also first appeared in the English language in 1377.
"Physician" first appeared in the written English language in 1230 (it was spelled fisitiens)
The term "doctor" and "physicians" have been in use for hundreds of years, which is why it is so ingrain in our society and why people in hospitals when hearing "doctor" don't automatically associate it with academic degrees. That is why people say "I'm going to see my doctor" and "Is there a doctor on board?". In the UK and British Commonwealth (except Canada), medical school graduates are not awarded a doctorate, yet are given the title of "doctor" in hospital settings.
As for PhDs, the first "doctor of philosophy" degree awarded was in Paris in 1150*, but it didn't become an advanced research degree until the 19th century (mainly in Europe - Germany). The first actual use of "PhD" in the written language was in 1839 (first appeared in the Journal of Royal Geographic Society)
The word "pharmacist" first appeared in 1721. "Pharmacy" appeared as early as 1385 in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. "Fermacies of herbes and eek saue They dronken for they wolde hir lymes haue."
*with dates and first use, they are only in reference to the English Language. Some of these terms may have been used earlier in another language (latin, french, etc)