we call it perinatal psychiatry in europe - it is basically dealing with high risk women during pregnancy and is very interesting from both the complex social issues as well as the pharmacological issues. Perinatal psychiatrists (in europe anyway) deal with changing medication regimens for women with chronic mental illness planning pregnancy, treating mental illnesses during pregnancy (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar, anorexia are the common ones), consulting on issues related to risk and child protection once the child is born, and treating post-partum depression and puerperal psychosis, often in mother-baby units to encourage bonding between mother and child during those crucial aspects. Some of the most interesting challenges relate to anorexia in pregnancy (there is an interesting literature on this, but it really is heartbreaking), domestic violence usually starts during pregnancy, prescribing in pregnancy and breast feeding, working with mothers who have had abusive childhoods and are likely to inflict misery on their children (one of the few areas for which there is a role for intensive psychoanalytic therapy in people who could really benefit and not simply the mildly neurotic and rich), and ECT during pregnancy. As I understand it, it is not currently a recognized sub-specialty in the US but there are definitely people working in this field.