Anyway, let me clarify. Tiering matters more to poor or disadvantaged student regardless of race and URM students regardless of income (Top tier schools using USNWR and NIH Top 40) Also, top tier schools are the the primary schools that can accommodate poor students regardless of race and URMs. Why? because they have more resources. They have the funds to do elaborate pipeline programs and community outreach, they have the funds to participate in programs like MedPrep, SMDEP, Leadership Alliance etc. They also have the funds to accommodate students in the admissions process (waiving deposits and fees, revisit assistance etc.). Outside of the top tier these resources are not there so schools do not have the flexibility. Why does this matter? Because students gravitate to where the resources are. Poor and URM students are heavily recruited and accommodated by these schools and the top tier schools offer the best financial aid packages. Schools like Duke and Harvard, well most schools in the top 20 will give a poor student regardless of race anywhere from a 50% to 75% scholarship put toward the COA. This makes going to Harvard cheaper than going to the "state school" for some/its similar to how Harvard and other ivies waive COA for poor students in undergrad. So in a nutshell, the ivies have numbers of blacks approaching their representation in the population and a good group of poor and disadvantaged students. Top tiers schools matter to poor students and minorities because 1.) they can afford to recruit and develop candidates. 2.) they retain and admit the candidates they developed.