This is a full list of amino acids I am aware of that are present on UWorld/NBMEs. It's actually a lot more important than people realize:
Glycine - smallest amino acid - located everywhere. Inhibitor neurotransmitter of the spinal cord. Tetanus blocks the release of glycine from the spinal cord, thats why you have really strong muscle contractions. This causes the diaphragm to lock up and the patient can't breathe anymore.
PHE, TRP, TYR - aromatic amino acids
LYS, ARG - basic amino acids
Asp - main amino acid used for reinforcement of the NMDA pathway, important in cases of gambling and addictions
CYS, MET - contain sulfur
Asparagine, Glutamine - Involved in N-bonds
Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine - involved in O-bonds. Serine is involved in the active site of many enzymes (serine proteases)
These most people know:
LEU, ISO, VAL - branched chains. All 3 handled by the same transport protein in the collecting duct of the kidney.
TYR - used to make catecholamines, melanin
TRP - used to make serotonin
Ketogenic Amino Acids - lysine and leucine. What does ketogenic mean? -> Made from and broken back into acetyl CoA, which is used to make ketones
Both Glucogenic and Ketogenic - PHE, ISO, THR, TRP