I saw this in the derm forum but thought it was solid advice for those in rad onc. The nice thing about derm is that they seem to have these established fellowships leading to residency tracks:
What do you do if you don't match? In recent years past, about forty percent of derm applicants have found themselves in this situation, and if you are still committed to derm, there are numerous ways to handle the aftermath.
First, however, I hope you matched into an IM prelim internship, ideally a name-brand one. Not only do you learn more medicine in an IM year, but also you want to avoid looking lazy during your second appearance on the dog-and-pony show. In my view, nothing is worse than reapplicants who have to reveal that they are in a transitional internship, and during past match cycles, that point was specifically brought up as a mark against at least one reapplicant in casual conversation amongst residents, who were coming up with their own rank lists. No matter how unfair you think that is, there are those in the derm world who still sniff at transitional years, and you'd rather avoid being on anyone's pet peeve list as soon as they look at your ERAS.
Certainly, some will argue that a transitional year will give you the downtime to pursue more derm research or to rotate through a derm department, and I can't disagree that this may be true. So, ultimately, you'll need to weigh what you need to do to buff up your resume for that second go-around, but keep in mind that you're being interviewed by people who see themselves as having jumped high hurdles to get to residency, one of which being a prelim internship.
There is no need, however, to put yourself through the wards scut of a surgical prelim, even if you want to do Mohs. You won't see the light of the OR lamp as a non-surgical intern heading towards derm. And you learn everything you need to know about Mohs surgical techniques during your Mohs fellowship; when you're applying to that, they only care about what you learned during your derm residency.
Second, you may want to consider a research fellowship in dermatology, many of which attract non-matched applicants (versus people who haven't yet entered the derm match, or derm residency graduates). Do your research wisely, because the last thing you want is a difficult mentor more interested in glory for himself and working you to the bone, instead of grooming you to successfully enter the derm match again. Although sometimes difficult to obtain, get the names of people who completed (or more tellingly, didn't complete) the fellowship you're inquiring about. People may try to stay mum because they don't want to offend, but you may be able to get the inside scoop on the fellowship, enough to make or break the deal. Research fellowships are posted here at SDN, and since there are fewer spots than applicants, move fast.
A research fellowship doesn't even have to be one of the "official" ones. You can create a spot out of whole cloth, if you approach a particular investigator and come with your own money, either funding you've won or savings from your part-time job pumping gas in college (which of course you wisely invested and made a killing from before the stock market crashed).
Third, with the possible exception of pediatrics, I would hesitate doing another residency, because that creates all sorts of residency funding issues for derm programs. The feds only give any trainee X number of years of funding for residency and if you use up most of it doing another residency, a derm program is not going to be able to fund you. Lots of info is available about that conundrum here on SDN; please don't ask me because I am still not clear on the details.
Fourth, I would not break up your medical training to obtain another degree in hopes that it will help you match into derm. The time for doing that would have been before or during medical school. After medical school, if you want to be a practicing physician, you need to work on your clinical skills, which will only rot if you delay applying again to derm residency.