Just call and say exactly the following:
"Hi, may I please speak to the PROGRAM COORDINATOR. (not the program director/chair)."
-PROGRAM COORDINATOR- Hello this is the program coordinator.
My name is INSERT NAME, and I'm a 4th year medical student applying to your residency program. I'm very interested in your program and I just wanted to check on the status of my application.
You will get one of 3 responses
1. We are still reviewing apps but I will let you know asap. I will note that you called in your file.
2. We were just about to send an email informing you of an interview invite. When would be a good time to schedule you?
3. I'm sorry, but currently you are on the secondary list for an interview. If we have something open up, you may possibly hear from us.
If you receive response 3, just state the following. "OK, I understand. I'm still very interested in your program, and would be happy to take any interview spot even on very short notice. Thanks for your help.
Program Coordinator - "Ok, I'll make note of that in your file, thanks for calling."
Program Coordinator after hanging up, "Seems like a crazy type A personality, calling when we've had applications for less than a week. Not my cup of tea. Bottom of the pile, or reject? Let's flip a coin"
Very easy to do and won't hurt you at all.