It's not just general surgery, it's every specialty... just look at
www.nrmp.org and look at last year's number of active applicants and the ones from the year before.... it's on the rise. 5 things are causing this rapid rise:
1) US med schools are enrolling more and more students than ever before. There was a call for doctors a few years back and they thought they can fix that by enrolling more students and...
2) New medical schools opening. Yes we have the first allopathic school to be opened in the US since 20 something years. Here in Florida.. and more are scheduled to be opened in the next 5 years. I think last year they gave free tuition for all students who were the first to enroll in the school? That's what I was told. Anyhow, it's open now and more are scheduled to open every year (I used to have a link to the schedule, I think there is one for next year as well). As well as DO schools are opening left and right.
3) More applicants are not matching from the year before. They are carrying over to the next year after, adding an avalanche effect to the active applicant list. It's not like they are banned from applying the next year after. NRMP shows the trend.
4) Plus there is a flood of FMGs (I am not saying US citizens mind you). UK had its gates closed to foreigners a couple of years back and as a result, they all switched to try to come here with the famous H1 and J1 visa. You can see most of the effect in prelim surgery and prelim internal medicine (everyone wants to be a cardiologist and be rich?)
5) Residency cap remains in place ever since misses clinton put it in place. So the residency spots (other than the ones privately funded) have not been increasing (this doesnt apply to the military of course but not as many go military).
Hence, the ever rising increase in applications.