14 Pathophysiology questions for exam prep

[HaipengWang]

Hey, The follows are 14 questions that puzzled me during my exam preparation. So far I have not been able to find the answers to them. If you know the answer to any of these questions please share your knowledage. (even if you just attempt one question ! It will be much appreciated)


(1) What is the difference between dural irritation and meningeal irritation? Isn't dural part of meninge?

(2) Prolactin --> ↑LH-receptor--> ↑androgen production by Leydig cell. According to this, if prolactin ultimately increases androgen level, how come prolactin also cause hypogonadism in males? Too much androgen cause male hypogonadism???

(3) What is mechanism of hypocalcemia induced papilloedema?

(4) Is there any correlation between aortic stenosis and BP?

(5) What is the mechanism of Pneumonia and small cell lung cancer induced SIADH?

(6) Does glaucoma cause central scotoma? I thought it was peripheral vision loss.

(7) Does infection cause high platelet count or low count?

(8) Why CMV causes CNS symptoms in children but only GI and RT symptoms in adults?

(9) Why atypical pneumonia most occur in children and young adults not elderlies?

(10) Why is Osteomyelitis often seen in growing boys at age 3-10?

(11) What is Mechanism of dystrophic calcification.

(12) Why MCV increases in hypothyroidism?

(13) Why they check PSA when investigate DVT?

(14) What are Tardive Congenital Syphilis' symptoms?

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[1badvette]

Why MCV increases in hypothyroidism?

from what i know , since hashimoto thyroditis is the primary cause of hypothrodism and it's an autoimmune disease , it's frequently associated with pernicious anemia another autoimmune disease .. autoimmune diseases are frequently associated with each other ..

 

[Phlame217]

Looks like homework to me... I'll pass on providing answers.

 

[lmesina]

for ques. 10: osteomyelitis in children

probably cuz, since they're still growing, bones haven't ossified yet, and they are more susceptible to sepsis (S.Aureus) at metaphysis (tib/fib area)

 

[jfgavina]

and maybe it has to do w/ the increased vascularization at metaphysis that favorus seeding of s aureus at the bone

 

[1badvette]

S.aureus seeds in the metaphysis of children and epiphysis in adults ...

 

[jfgavina]

I'll give my 2 cents

(1) What is the difference between dural irritation and meningeal irritation? Isn't dural part of meninge? I think its the same

(2) Prolactin --> ↑LH-receptor--> ↑androgen production by Leydig cell. According to this, if prolactin ultimately increases androgen level, how come prolactin also cause hypogonadism in males? Too much androgen cause male hypogonadism??? prolactin inhibits GnRH secretion, this one is in FA 😀

(3) What is mechanism of hypocalcemia induced papilloedema?
no idea


(4) Is there any correlation between aortic stenosis and BP?

aortic stenosis decreases systolic blood pressure, heart can't pump against increased afterload to compensate increases in demand

(5) What is the mechanism of Pneumonia and small cell lung cancer induced SIADH? small lung cancer arises from neuroendocrine cells, so it can secrete ADH causing hypertension and hyponatremia


(6) Does glaucoma cause central scotoma? I thought it was peripheral vision loss. central scotoma is caused by macular degeneration

(7) Does infection cause high platelet count or low count?
no idea, prob not important

(8) Why CMV causes CNS symptoms in children but only GI and RT symptoms in adults? no idea

(9) Why atypical pneumonia most occur in children and young adults not elderlies? elderlies are infected w/ other types of bacteria particularly Strep pneumo, H. influ, gram - rods and anaerobes because they have faulty immunologic system. also they're susceptible to influenza virus which impairs mucociliary cleaning. atypical pneumonia evade strong immunological system as it is in kids and adults. but I guess no one knows it for sure

(10) Why is Osteomyelitis often seen in growing boys at age 3-10?

greater vascular apport to metaphysis due to increased metabolic demand favours hematogenous seeding of bacteria


(11) What is Mechanism of dystrophic calcification.

damaged tissue is susceptible to this as lipids in disrupted membranes bind calcium

(12) Why MCV increases in hypothyroidism?

no idea

(13) Why they check PSA when investigate DVT?

no idea

(14) What are Tardive Congenital Syphilis' symptoms?

no idea and doubt that it is required to know for step 1

and please correct me if I'm wrong