Any guesses as to why UC Davis (#1 ranked vet school by US News & World Report) has supposedly 1168 apps and CSU (3# ranked school by US News & World Report) has allegedly 2450 applicants? CA has a much higher population than CO (although it seems many of them are moving to CO) so I presume would have more in-state applicants.
I'd add that some of the numbers may have to do with prerequisites - CSU has fewer than Davis (essentially a semester's worth of classes). Davis also requires a BA/BS degree. CSU does not require a degree meaning you could apply your junior or even sophomore year of college if you'd completed the prereqs. Thus, more students in the overall applicant pool are eligible to apply to CSU.
Most of it likely has to do with targeting by OOS students (which I think others have mentioned above). The average GPA for an OOS student at Davis was 3.94+. If you had a less than that would you apply? Or would you rather apply to a school like CSU which had a GPA range of 2.65-4.0 for their last class (not broken down by OOS vs IS - overall average of 3.59). I'd guess that a larger number of applicants from other states would apply to CSU vs Davis for that reason. This seems to be reflected in the applicant pool- ~1900 of CSU applications were OOS, and just ~200 were IS. For Davis, 500+ applications were IS vs less than 450 OOS.
I'd also guess that larger state populations don't necessarily translate to more applicants.
Percentage wise, I'd say a rural student is more likely to be a vet school applicant than an urban one.
Looking at CSU, they said 42% of their most recent class came from a rural area despite the fact that only about 14% of Coloradans live in a rural area and o ly about 20% of Americans do. (Didn't see this info for Davis). CSU didn't publish rural vs urban numbers for applicants, but I'd venture to guess rural applicants were overrepresented in the applicant pool too.
On a sheer number comparisons - Colorado has about 715,000 rural residents while California has about 840,000. That's not that different, especially compared to overall state populations (5.7 million in CO vs 39.5 million in CA), so if rural applicants are overrepresented in the applicant pool, you might expect that they'd have a similar number of rural applicants, meaning that the applicant numbers for IS applicants would be closer together than one might expect based on total state population.
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