What academic pathologists do is pretty variable, as others have said. People so far are talking about the different proportions of service work, research and teaching that academic pathologists do, but it can also be broken down by subspecialty area. Some academic pathologists run the blood bank exclusively. They don't touch anatomic pathology, never see another autopsy again, and have no surgical pathology responsibilities. Some only sign out autopsies--a good way for a research-type to get in a little service work now and then. A fair percentage of academic pathologists are surgical pathologists, +/- cytology, +/- autopsy. Some do only renal pathology, or only hematopathology. What you end up doing is based on your strengths and the structure of the institution where you are working. On top of the service work is a variable amount of research, teaching and administrative responsibilities.