3.3 Clinical outcomes
3.3.1 VAS
In the short-term period, 3 studies[21,28,33] were included, with 69 patients in the PRP group and 74 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the VAS score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 4 studies[20,21,28,33] were included, with 90 patients in the PRP group and 97 in the HA group. As
I2 = 73%, indicating high heterogeneity, the study by Paterson et al[33] was removed for the sensitivity analysis, and the
I2 value was reduced to 40%. The fixed-effects model was then used. The VAS score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
In the long-term period, 4 studies[18,21,27,28] were included, with 140 patients in the PRP group and 146 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The VAS score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
3.3.2 IKDC
In the short-term period, 3 studies[19,29,30] were included, with 233 patients in the PRP group and 226 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the IKDC score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[31] was included, with 15 patients in the PRP group and 15 patients in the HA group. There was no statistical difference in the IKDC score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 6 studies[19,26,27,29–31] were included, with 380 patients in the PRP group and 369 patients in the HA group.
I2 = 78%, indicating high heterogeneity. The IKDC score in the PRP group was significantly higher than that in the HA group. The PRP3 group reported by Görmeli et al[26] was removed for the sensitivity analysis. As
I2 = 8%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The IKDC score in the PRP group was still significantly higher than that in the HA group.
3.3.3 WOMAC-total
In the short-term period, 2 studies[21,28] were included, with 58 patients in the PRP group and 64 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was a statistical difference in the WOMAC-Total score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 4 studies[20,21,28,31] were included, with 58 patients in the PRP group and 64 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 21%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The WOMAC-total score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
In the long-term period, 6 studies[18,21,22,28,31,33] were included, with 331 patients in the PRP group and 291 patients in the HA group.
I2 = 88%, indicating high heterogeneity. The WOMAC-total score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group. The study reported by Su et al[21] was removed for the sensitivity analysis. As
I2 = 5%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The WOMAC-total score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
3.3.4 WOMAC-pain
In the short-term period, 3 studies[21,27,28] were included, with 107 patients in the PRP group and 114 in the HA group. As
I2 = 11%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the WOMAC-Pain score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 4 studies[20,21,27,28] were included, with 129 patients in the PRP group and 138 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the WOMAC-Pain score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 6 studies[18,21,22,27,28,34] were included, with 321 patients in the PRP group and 296 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 33%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The WOMAC-pain score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
3.3.5 WOMAC-stiffness
In the short-term period, 2 studies[21,28] were included, with 58 patients in the PRP group and 64 in the HA group. As
I2 = 45%, indicating a mild heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the WOMAC-Stiffness score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 3 studies[20,21,28] were included, with 80 patients in the PRP group and 88 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 50%, indicating moderate heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the WOMAC-stiffness score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 5 studies[18,21,22,28,34] were included, with 272 patients in the PRP group and 246 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 14%, indicating low heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. The WOMAC-stiffness score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
3.3.6 WOMAC-physical function
In the short-term period, 2 studies[21,28] were included, with 58 patients in the PRP group and 64 in the HA group.
I2 = 57%, indicating moderate heterogeneity. The WOMAC-physical function score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group. The study by Su et al[21] was removed for the sensitivity analysis. The WOMAC-physical function score in the PRP group was still significantly lower than that in the HA group.
In the mid-term period, 3 studies[20,21,28] were included, with 80 patients in the PRP group and 88 patients in the HA group.
I2 = 84%, indicating high heterogeneity. The study by Su et al[21] was removed for the sensitivity analysis. There was no statistical difference in the WOMAC-physical function score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 5 studies[18,21,22,28,34] were included, with 272 patients in the PRP group and 246 patients in the HA group.
I2 = 97%, indicating high heterogeneity, and the source of heterogeneity was not found. The random-effects model was then used. The WOMAC-physical function score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
3.3.7 KOOS-symptoms
In the short-term period, 3 studies[29,30,33] were included, with 159 patients in the PRP group and 154 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-symptoms score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[33] was included, with 10 patients in the PRP group and 9 patients in the HA group. The KOOS-symptoms score in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the HA group.
In the long-term period, 2 studies[29,30] were included, with 148 patients in the PRP group and 144 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-symptoms score between the groups.
3.3.8 KOOS-pain
In the short-term period, 3 studies[29,30,33] were included, with 159 patients in the PRP group and 154 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-pain score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[33] was included, with 10 patients in the PRP group and 9 patients in the HA group. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-pain score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 2 studies[29,30] were included, with 148 patients in the PRP group and 144 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-pain score between the groups.
3.3.9 KOOS-ADL
In the short-term period, 3 studies[29,30,33] were included, with 159 patients in the PRP group and 154 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-ADL score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[33] was included, with 10 patients in the PRP group and 9 patients in the HA group. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-ADL score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 2 studies[29,30] were included, with 148 patients in the PRP group and 144 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-ADL score between the groups.
3.3.10 KOOS-sport
In the short-term period, 3 studies[29,30,33] were included, with 159 patients in the PRP group and 154 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-sport score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[33] was included, with 10 patients in the PRP group and 9 patients in the HA group. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-ADL score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 2 studies[29,30] were included, with 148 patients in the PRP group and 144 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-ADL score between the groups.
3.3.11 KOOS-QoL
In the short-term period, 3 studies[29,30,32] were included, with 159 patients in the PRP group and 154 in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-QoL score between the groups.
In the mid-term period, 1 study[33] was included, with 10 patients in the PRP group and 9 patients in the HA group. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-QoL score between the groups.
In the long-term period, 2 studies[29,30] were included, with 148 patients in the PRP group and 144 patients in the HA group. As
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model was used. There was no statistical difference in the KOOS-QoL score between the groups.
3.3.12 Adverse events
In a global assessment, 8 studies[18–22,31–33] were included, with 251 patients in the PRP group and 254 patients in the HA group.
I2 = 0%, indicating no heterogeneity, and there was no statistical difference in terms of adverse events between the groups. The details are shown in
Table 2.