You're paying X amount of dollars and putting yourself in major debt to go to college (At least that's what was the case with me). There is 0 reasons you should be treated like that when you're investing yourself in this institution of higher education. Shame on them.
You have to submit your work by a required due date. Should you not be paid the same respect? Should this professor be held to the same standards that you are held to by him? Both my father and my grandfather are/were college professors and they would NEVER speak or treat a student as such. Shame on him.
If this makes me entitled, then that's fine- but if I put the work in, I expect to see the results, plain and simple. I don't have to keep my tests- I know some of my professors would do that so we wouldn't give our tests to next years' students- but I expected to receive a grade. I wouldn't be paying for a $160k piece of paper for no reason.
I'm just astounded by that behavior. But I also was a humanities major at a small liberal arts college. So the same people who taught my classes I would see on the weekends. Kind of hard to treat students/professors poorly when you see them on a weekly basis because your campus isn't any larger than a couple blocks.
If the facts are as they have been communicated here, no, the student (OP) is not acting overly entitled. The simple truth is that indeed the student is entitled to know where s/he (sorry don't know your gender) s/he stands.
Testing is not only for grading and documenting achievement. Testing itself is a learning tool/exercise. I mean this is why you show your work when asked.
Personally, I would have sent him the email as you did, respectfully inquiring and stating back to him, "as you have suggested...." For it was he, was it not, that suggested that you email him? After giving a reasonable period of time w/o response, and inquiring again, the third time, I would have copied both the original email and f/u email to the next person in line--if that is the dean or assistant dean, so be it.
Also, it sounds like this professor/instructor, whatever, will probably not be getting decent evaluations at the end of this course, which is something those over him need to keep in mind.
Why do people have to make everything such a pain in the arse, just b/c they hate their job? I tire of the whole misery likes company justification crap.