Not quite. A CV and a resume are actually quite different. A resume should just be a short (usually 1-page) summary of your past work experience, contact information, educational background, and professional affiliations. A curriculum vitae, on the other hand, is an extensive, complete list of all of your accomplishments. At this point in your life your CV and resume will probably be quite similar, but later in your life, your CV should include (in addition to what is on the resume) your training, poster presentations, conferences attended, research conducted, etc.
The resume is like a professional summary while the CV is essentially a comprehensive professional autobiography.