http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopaedic_surgery#Practice
The important part being the reference for that:
Garrett, WE, et al. American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Practice of the Orthopedic Surgeon: Part-II, Certification Examination. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2006;88:660-667.
I'm guessing other specialties have similar journal articles on application for board certification
but you'll probably have to search for them individually