Bramlett et al
22 compared the efficacy and safety of 150 mg bupivacaine HCl with 1:200,000 epinephrine versus EXPAREL® at doses of 133 mg, 266 mg, 399 mg, and
532 mg, following total knee arthroplasty. The double-blinded study found that the cumulative pain intensity scores through 4 days postsurgery were 20.7, 19.5, 18.8, and 19.1, for using EXPAREL® at doses of 133 mg, 266 mg, 399 mg, and 532 mg, respectively, compared to a cumulative pain intensity score of 20.4 when using bupivacaine HCl at a dose of 150 mg. Smoot et al
23 conducted a randomized, double-blinded study on 136 patients who underwent submuscular augmentation mammoplasty and compared the pain and opioid usage after a
single 600 mg dose of EXPAREL® and a single 200 mg dose of bupivacaine HCl. The mean cumulative pain scores (numerical rating scale with activity through 3 days) were 441.5 using EXPAREL® and 468.3 using bupivacaine HCl (
P = 0.3999). EXPAREL® usage was associated with a significant decrease in opioids consumed during the first 24 hours (
P = 0.0211) and 48 hours (
P = 0.0459). Bergese et al
24 analyzed a pool of 823 patients, from ten randomized, double-blinded studies, who were injected via local wound infiltration sites with EXPAREL® (doses varied from 66 mg to 532 mg).