[Pregnancy produces anatomical and physiological changes that affect respiratory performance.
[1] Early in pregnancy capillary dilitation occurs throughout the respiratory tract leading to engorgment of the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi making breathing difficult. CXR reveal increased vascular markings.
[2] As the uterus enlarges the diaphram is elevated 4 cm and the ribs cage is displaced upward and widen by 2 cm and the thoracic circ by 6cm
[3] Abdominal mm have less tone and are less active causing respiration to be more diaphragmatic
[4]With an increase in respiratory tidal volume associated with a normal respiratory rate, there is a 26% increase in resp. min vol. As the respiratory minuite volume increase, hyperventilation of pregnancy occurs, causing a decrease in the aveloar CO2. Also maternal hypervent is thought to be due to progestrone on brain neurons that regulate respiration. Maternal hyperventilation is considered a protective measure that prevents the fetus from being exposed to excessive Co2 levels
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