So no one gave me an answer. It's all cool, I asked during a student during my interview today. Problem based and case based is the same thing. You really have to memorize your sh@t. You have a case and the patient has a specific diagnosis. You have to decide a treatment plan and apply what you know.
Lecture based is the usual undergraduate stuff.
All schools have clinic based learning. For nyu, it starts your second year. Some schools may be 3rd and 4th year.