1) If you're going to a research-oriented program, can you expect to get enough clinical training to make it a partial career focus later? (I'd ideally like a research/clinical practice career.)
2) If a program's lab says it treats things like depression, anxiety, etc., but not severe mood disorders, will I ever be able to work with those professionally despite the program's lab not treating them? Why don't they work with those?
1. Yes, of course. Most students, even at the big research heavy schools end up going into a predominantly practice oriented careers. Remeber, the whole idea of the Boulder training model (i.e., scientist-practioner) is that you are fully qualified to do both. Alot of the BIG research schools (i.e., Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, UCLA, Yale, Vandy, Pittsburgh, just to name a few) will actively dissuade you from trying to pursue clinically oriented practica versus research oriented endeavors later in grad school, but this decision is totally up to you. You will be fully competent to do practice from big research schools, asuming you have made this a priority during your training.
2. I'm not really sure what you mean by "program's lab"? If you mean the individual
research lab of a professor within a program, then this just happens to be the focus of their research within that lab. If your working in that lab, your
research will likely have to fall within what they are studying. Obviously you don't want to have a mentor who is researching disorders or phenomena you are not at all interested in. So make sure your POI is a good match for your interests. You will still get adequate training and exposure to all the prevalent Axis I conditions (severe mood disorders, schiz, developmental disorders, etc.) in didactics, and experience with these patients during your practicums. Optimally, ones research and clinical interests are similar and convergent in grad school, and help that person to form somewhat of an expertise in a certain area. However, all psychologist are generalists before being specialists, and you will have a well grounded knowledge (both diagnosis and treatment) on many different psychopathologies by the time you get your Ph.D.