I'll lend my hand in this thread that should be in the financial aid forum. Your answers are also in that forum. For example, you should just send in the FAFSA again after you get your SAR to different schools from the original list you had if you want to send it in to more schools. Another point of confusion is that besides grad-plus loans, you can get federal loans no matter how poor your credit score is. The last major point of confusion is that federal loans do run out per year and also through your educational career. Perkins federal loans are need-based and schools decide who gets them. They only have a limited budget to give out. Your maximum amount of staffords you can take out through a normal 9 month med school year is $40,500 $8500 of which is subsidized the rest being unsubsidized. After you reach the Stafford max in a year you can borrow as much Grad Plus/Private loans as you want (if your credit isn't dismal) up to your cost of attendance (CoA) set by your school. If your cost of attendance doesn't meet your need as per your budget you can usually talk to your school to increase it. Your aggregate Stafford limit for all of your education is $224,000 maximum as of now. Who knows if that may change in the future as tuition skyrockets.
You should really at least put in estimated numbers in the FAFSA ASAP. You can use numbers from 2007 taxes if nothing has changed that much. That said, it should be updated as soon as your actual taxes are filed. You certainly don't have to apply in January, but I'd recommend you do it before the priority deadline in March (
depends on the state). I've seen states have a priority deadline as early as Feb 15. Many schools have deadlines for scholarships in March and require your finalized FAFSA to be on file by then. Keep in mind that as the spring comes and then later in the year you have to make financial aid decisions and accept scholarship offers or you may lose them. So those of you thinking between schools may have to make a decision earlier than normal. Keep in mind that need-based loans are first-come first-serve so there are others that need the loans. If you hold up the process you may lose out.
Next issue is parental information. You should fill out parental info if you want scholarships, institutional, or need-based aid at most schools. It can't hurt you and it doesn't count for your official EFC as a professional student. As long as your CoA (cost of attendance) - personal EFC is below $32,000 you will get the full $8500 in subsidized stafford loans regardless of when you apply. These are not really considered need-based aid that requires parental information. However, things like Perkins loans (5% maximum $5000 per year), institutional grants, or scholarships do require parental information in most cases.
Next is dependency for taxes vs. FAFSA. They are not related. If you have started your FAFSA already you would know the difference. If you are going to medical school you are automatically considered an independent for FAFSA purposes. If you are applying for the FAFSA as an undergrad you would have to be turning 24 in the next year, have been in the military, or pregnant in order to be considered independent. So you can't try to scheme the system to get more loans as everyone is an independent for the FAFSA in graduate school.
Last issue is the EFC. The FAFSA EFC for professional students only includes your personal income/savings numbers. It is automatically 0 if you file a 1040EZ. The only people that can't file that have an income that is too high or too much in investments. Parental plus personal income has to be
estimated in order to find out your eligibility for need-based aid like Perkins loans. At Wayne, their cut off is $18,000 personal and parental EFC. It may be different for other schools so check with your financial aid office. It is also wise to shield your savings in accounts that are not part of the calculation or give it to a friend before you file your FAFSA though you didn't hear this from me. Also, student loans are not considered part of this calculation so if your entire savings/checking account is in loans your number in savings/checking is 0. Again, it only matters if you are close to that 18k borderline.
Any specific questions I recommend you post in the financial aid forum if you want better responses. Sorry for a tome but I know these issues are confusing and many of you are worrying about loans for the first time. If you have a question I can answer your post in the finaid forum or send me a PM.