Fascinating about Prev Med. Learn something new every day.
Most fields do not have a rule about this. However, you can still get in trouble several ways:
1. some states require a training / provisional license, which might require passage of Step 2
2. Some institutions will require passage of Step 2 for credentialing.
Both of these issues give you plenty of time to retake Step 2. As mentioned above, if programs find out you failed Step 2 this is almost certain to lower your ranking, or drop you off the list altogether. If you automatically released your scores, all programs will now know. If not, you may be asked about it. If so, do not try to cover this up. Should you state "I haven't received my scores yet" and then your failure is discovered, that's fraud and you can be fired immediately.