Yeah, there can be a lot of variability here, as a "fail" at one program may not equate to a "fail" at another. I wouldn't say it was common for folks to fail comps at my program, but it happened. Although to be honest, I don't know if it was formally marked as a "fail" somewhere, or if it was more along the lines of, "we're going to stop this meeting here because you aren't going to pass. We recommend you address X, Y, and Z, and we'll meet again in one month."
At the same time, a true "hard fail" can be grounds for dismissal from a program. Doesn't sound like that's the case here.
If it's on your transcripts, you'll need to address it somewhere in the application. It may raise some concerns (perhaps until the explanation is read), but I wouldn't imagine it'd be a death knell at very many sites. Depending on the consequences in your program of the fail.