To the best of my knowledge:-There are two types of residencies: one that pays you and the other in which you pay. Paid ones are generally with the hospitals where you also work for them.(only GD and OS) The other ones are with different universities where they charge you a huge amount every year but the choice of specialities is more. You can specialize in any field.
I know for sure that you can apply in paid(the one in which you pay) ones i.e. through directly contacting different schools but where they have to pay youi.e. through match I dont think you can qualify.