One problem asks how increasing the mass of a projectile thrown upward will affect the velocity. Well, if it has a larger mass, then presumably it will go upward at a lower velocity. The answer: It has no effect.
Now, another question involves a slingshot set up and asks the same question after mass is increased. The answer: A larger mass will cause the slingshot to hurl the projectile at a lower velocity.
What the hell?
When you encounter these types of tricky problems in BR, you have to ask yourself "Why" and go back to the content text to find the answer.
In the first case (i.e., throwing a projectile upward),
the object is in free fall. All objects in free fall accelerate at 10 m/s^2, regardless of mass (specifically, they'll decerelate at -10m/s^2 on their upward journey, then accelerate at 10/ms^2 when they start to go back down) . The only exception is with air resistance (i.e., if you threw a paper plane vs. a tennis ball up into the air, the paper plane would accelerate *less* than 10 m/s^2 because its shape is vulnerable to air resistance, kind of like friction).
The slingshot question is different because there is a component of
horizontal acceleration,
or acceleration in the "x" direction. Mass matters here. If we remember the equation F = ma, we see that mass and acceleration are inversely proportional. That makes sense: more massive objects have greater moments of inertia. So with a slingshot, the object's velocity is decreased because of its decreased acceleration, resulting from its greater mass.
These were purely thinking-based, concept problems. These are often the kinds of question with which students struggle the most, because we get used to plugging-and-chugging in our actual collegiate courses. The best thing I can recommend is to read the BR chapters more actively and FOCUS on seemingly important concepts (like the difference between equations for an object in free-fall versus a projectile with a horizontal component).
The Princeton Review Hyperlearning Physical Sciences also explains the physics REALLY well and in a more laid-back manner (that's still pretty detailed). I've been reading mostly now from TPR for physics, but I still take a look at all of the corresponding in-text problems and tips and tricks from TBR (and usually end up reading at least a portion of the TBR text). Then I do the TBR passages.
Hope that helps!
~Kalyx