Guidance regarding financial trajectory of subspecialties in Clinical Psychology

Started by IconicMK
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IconicMK

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I'm an undergraduate soon to be entering a doctoral program in Clinical Psychology, and I'm trying to plan strategically from the start - selecting the right courses, practica, emphasis areas, and experiences to position myself well for whichever path I ultimately pursue.

I know this community has a wealth of knowledge and experience, so I'd love to hear your perspectives on the current landscape of the field. Specifically, if financial outcome is a major consideration alongside clinical interest, which specialty or subspecialty would you consider the most lucrative long-term investment?

I'm currently weighing prescriptive authority (RxP), neuropsychology, or forensics, but I'm very open to other suggestions. More broadly: for those of you who have navigated this decision, what feels worth pursuing right now - and what doesn't - if one of your primary goals is to build a financially sustainable, lucrative career as a clinical psychologist that is attainable and realistic through perseverance.

To add context, as far as work settings/locations/passions I have no qualms. I frankly enjoy everything this field offers and I'm pretty unproblematic in that regard.
 
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If you are not yet in a program, quite frankly, you really don't know what you do and don't like. You won't really know until you start doing some of the actual work, which is really just not available at the undergrad level. There are many people who go in to grad school thinking about a certain path, get some experience there, and do a 180. The most sound long-term investment is the path that you can sustain doing for your career until retirement. And even then, I know plenty of people who think they want to try out something, like forensics, after they're licensed and working and get a brutal wake up call. I know more than one person who has stopped due to the anxiety they get when an opposing expert shreds their work or they get a brutal cross exam. It's not for everybody.

It's fine to go in with a focus, but you should be getting some broad experience early on to see what you truly do and do not like, and then narrow down from there as you move forward. I really wouldn't use potential median earnings as the first and foremost factor.
 
Prescribing psychologist here, in one of the few states where the legislation exists. Horrible ROI. Go into medical school and pursue psychiatry, if this is truly where your passion lies. Sorry if this comes across as blunt, and I am open to answering more questions, if that would be helpful.
 
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Neuropsychology seems pretty darn lucrative to me (although I'm not a neuropsychologist). They seem to always be in demand
 
Neuropsychology seems pretty darn lucrative to me (although I'm not a neuropsychologist). They seem to always be in demand

Definitely, at the moment. Personally, I'm slightly bearish on the clinical side of adult practice. With dementia evals being the most plentiful, I can see people transitioning to computerized assessment and biomarkers all done through Neurology. Too few of our colleagues go beyond a simple eval here, and I'm seeing more and more people not doing feedback and just telling people to follow-up with the referring provider. No bueno.

As for medicolegal work, very lucrative. But I am pretty clear with people that it is definitely not for everybody. Especially people sensitive to criticism, which seems to be a higher proportion of younger generations. There is very little praise given for the work, and overwhelming criticism from colleagues in the field and legal professionals. Constantly. If you can't let that roll off easily, not a good career for you. Also, if you admire some of the luminaries in the field, don't go into medicolegal work. You'll find that many of them do shoddy work and/or are willing to write pretty much anything for a price. No room for heroes here.
 
Definitely, at the moment. Personally, I'm slightly bearish on the clinical side of adult practice. With dementia evals being the most plentiful, I can see people transitioning to computerized assessment and biomarkers all done through Neurology. Too few of our colleagues go beyond a simple eval here, and I'm seeing more and more people not doing feedback and just telling people to follow-up with the referring provider. No bueno.

As for medicolegal work, very lucrative. But I am pretty clear with people that it is definitely not for everybody. Especially people sensitive to criticism, which seems to be a higher proportion of younger generations. There is very little praise given for the work, and overwhelming criticism from colleagues in the field and legal professionals. Constantly. If you can't let that roll off easily, not a good career for you. Also, if you admire some of the luminaries in the field, don't go into medicolegal work. You'll find that many of them do shoddy work and/or are willing to write pretty much anything for a price. No room for heroes here.
Agreed--I think that the future of the field lies in the integration of clinical neuropsychology, rehabilitation psychology, and neurobehavioral consultation. I'm not sure how much longer the "diagnose and adios" model is going to be viable without more wraparound care.

There are thousands of families impacted by brain injury and neurodegenerative disease looking for someone to help them with the "what's next?" after diagnosis for whom a more intervention/rehabilitation-oriented neuropsychologist (incorporating serial assessment, consultation, etc.) might be invaluable. I've seen some likeminded folks recently pivot to private practice from AMC to try and carve out this niche.
 
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(Hypocrisy incoming)

1) If you have the opportunity, take a business class.
2) Go to medical school.
3) Double major with psychology and nursing, so you can your RN while in undergrad.
4) I don't think it matters what specialty you choose. You just need to identify a customer group that can pay, then find an unmet need for them, and deliver. Neuropsychology is profitable because you can use technicians to multiply your workflow, and there is a high demand. It is limited by the suck of writing the reports after the techs are done, the payment models because the specialty sees either the elderly or the super ill, who usually don't have a ton of money, etc. Forensics is profitable because lawsuits involve money, and criminals would lose everything if they go to prison. RxP is profitable because people need/want a medication approach due to factors like "I can't miss work every week". Marital therapy is profitable, if you are seeing the right population, because there are huge sums of money on the line if the marriage fails.

There are tons of ways to make money in psychology. If you live in a wealthy area, and have the touch, you could make bank by treating depressed teenagers. You could create a test, and sell it to every school in America. If you're charming as hell, you could create a Tony Robbins style following with workshops.

5) Financial security is based on two factors: Income AND lifestyle. If you don't take care of both sides, you'll never be secure. The general advice for all professions is to delay lifestyle inflation, live below your means, throw everything into investments, and wait.
 
Prescribing psychologist here, in one of the few states where the legislation exists. Horrible ROI. Go into medical school and pursue psychiatry, if this is truly where your passion lies. Sorry if this comes across as blunt, and I am open to answering more questions, if that would be helpful.

Curious to hear your opinion on this as the few folks I have spoken to about this are quite positive about their experiences. I do think it depends on the state and the laws put in place though.
 
I've been thinking that pet grief is something that is going to blow up in the next 10-15-ish years among the worried millennial well (most of whom don't have children and view their dogs as kids - no shame there I've been through it multiple times it's the worst, but I do feel like this area is ripe for growth and for certain clinicians to "claim expertise" in).
 
Agreed--I think that the future of the field lies in the integration of clinical neuropsychology, rehabilitation psychology, and neurobehavioral consultation. I'm not sure how much longer the "diagnose and adios" model is going to be viable without more wraparound care.

There are thousands of families impacted by brain injury and neurodegenerative disease looking for someone to help them with the "what's next?" after diagnosis for whom a more intervention/rehabilitation-oriented neuropsychologist (incorporating serial assessment, consultation, etc.) might be invaluable. I've seen some likeminded folks recently pivot to private practice from AMC to try and carve out this niche.

This is where the expertise often lies in geropsych. I do alot of the wraparound care and planning for folks with dementia or stroke. The hard part is while there is a high need for these services, there are not often folks willing to pay out of pocket for things that are not covered as part of the clinical services. I have worked with multimillionaire former CEOs that complained about $20 co-pays.
 
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If I were someone young and ambitious right now, I would also be thinking about substance abuse treatment. Not something psychology does often but is becoming a growing problem.

That said, do you want to be a psychologist or a business person? Only two ways to make money in this field clinically, high volume or low volume wealthy clientele (forensics being a bit outside of the "clinical" setting.)
 
Curious to hear your opinion on this as the few folks I have spoken to about this are quite positive about their experiences. I do think it depends on the state and the laws put in place though.
Personally, I really enjoy the added benefit of being able to offer this service to patients, and would do it all over again in a heartbeat, as the increased access to care has been so valuable. I feel like my OG training in psychology has also been the right course for me personally too, as I feel like good prescribing should come from the foundational knowledge we learn about psychiatric diagnoses in our doctorate programs. I always joke there's a reason a doctorate is as long as it is. Psych is complicated lol.

From the perspective of the OP's post, it truly is just not a great fiscal ROI. For starters, the legislation differs widely, but almost universally constricts on formularies, including ability to independently manage controlled (Schedule II-IV) prescriptions, with additional barriers caused by some of the states which emphasize collaborative agreements. This, in turn, changes the types of employment in which you can employ the skillset, and in some cases, restricts insurance coverage too. I literally just joked with a non-psychiatric NP recently that most states will not allow me to prescribe a medication like metformin to combat side-effects listed in package insert for something like an antipsychotic, meanwhile the NP can diagnose and prescribe all the medications plus some, for the condition that I am considered an expert in.

It also takes a significantly lengthy amount of time, upwards to 13 years of training, many of which are at significantly lower rates of pay, as our training years yield lower pay rates compared to psychiatry's course. I literally did my supervised prescribing hours unpaid, because finding a supervisor is sooo arduous. Additionally, the novelty and relative lack of universality has led to inconsistent market variability in terms of reimbursement. When there is a limited paucity to poll from, it's hard to determine what is fair market value. Additionally, when states allow such different things (Utah, I'm looking at you, with your restrictions to almost only allowing RxP to prescribe antidepressants), what is the worth of the provider on a global healthcare ecosystem?

From a market signaling perspective, it's also fraught with longstanding system-level barriers. Systems have long-recognized the authority of medical prescribers (MD/DO) as the holder of medical decision-making, and therefore leadership positions, reflect this. Almost nobody is listing a MSCP, when they post for leadership positions in hospitals or medical systems (although, this may be changing, as I did see a psychiatric hospital post for one in New Mexico recently) and you are always going to be fighting to prove legitimacy.

Overall, the RxP was designed to solve a community-based problem of increasing access to care, but little is done on the legislative side to encourage and promote training in the area. I feel like you could round up a group of ten of us, poll us, and we would all agree we don't do the work for better pay, but rather a true reflection of attempting to increase psychiatric services. This could change for the better in the future (🤞) but I'm not holding my breath, as the development of the movement has been fraught with fragility from the initial onset. We're truly just trying to hold on and increase the number of eligible states. Negotiation/battle for better reimbursement will likely follow that, if it ever reaches an optimal level of states representing the potential for this to be universal. I'm cautiously optimistic that the recent board certification from ABPP might help promote this a bit more, but it's in it's infancy too. This in itself is an additional problem. Because there are so few of us, we are all practically involved in advocacy work, which is unpaid, to help further prove we have a seat at the table.

In short, you invest heavily in training that yields restricted, conditional authority, while psychiatry yields default authority across the entire healthcare ecosystem. Stick with the established system for now, if your interest is in financial success. If you're a goofy goober like me, who wants to see true system-wide improvement, and are willing to put in the blood, sweat, and tears, than yeah, RxP is for you.
 
I bet gambling treatment is another area that could take off within the next several years.
I came in here to write this.

I think gambling and substance abuse can be good niche areas, but there will always be the hurdle of: those who need treatment the most often don’t have the resources.

There is a huge aging population who need care, but unless you take Medicare, most of them aren’t going to be a fit. A volume businesses could work, but more risk and more of a grind.

I think partnering w an anti-aging practice (they create a nutrition plan, provide supplements, personal trainers, etc) could be a niche….but they are few and far between and they have a very limited pool of ppl who can afford the $5k-$10k+/mon for their services.

Traditional direct care is too restricted by the hourly rates. Plenty of ppl sell out and do exec coaching or similar.
 
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other areas:
behavioral treatments of obesity
treating people who are in "love" with an AI
treating cannabis use disorder
teaching psychologists how to speak directly to people, rather than using indirect communication
treating people with unrealistic sexual/romantic expectations
treating overuse of 24 news
treating people in the most populous countries in the world
go work in the californian prisons
 
If I were someone young and ambitious right now, I would also be thinking about substance abuse treatment. Not something psychology does often but is becoming a growing problem.

That said, do you want to be a psychologist or a business person? Only two ways to make money in this field clinically, high volume or low volume wealthy clientele (forensics being a bit outside of the "clinical" setting.)
This. The way to make big bucks in psychology is not to treat the patients yourself, but to employ/contract with a legion of underlings who will do the work while you take 50% of what they earn. Speciality doesn't matter as much as business acumen.
 
Appreciate all the insight here. Though I will say, you're all making a pretty compelling case that a business management elective matters more than a third practicum rotation.

But "build a business around it" is advice you could give a plumber.

Does "just be a great clinician and the money follows" not hold true for anyone here, when aligned with the right specialty?
 
Appreciate all the insight here. Though I will say, you're all making a pretty compelling case that a business management elective matters more than a third practicum rotation.

But "build a business around it" is advice you could give a plumber.

Does "just be a great clinician and the money follows" not hold true for anyone here, when aligned with the right specialty?

Being a good clinician will keep you busy, but for the big money, you need some business sense. Or, you become a reliable expert in a certain niche and do a good share of medicolegal work.
 
Appreciate all the insight here. Though I will say, you're all making a pretty compelling case that a business management elective matters more than a third practicum rotation.

But "build a business around it" is advice you could give a plumber.

Does "just be a great clinician and the money follows" not hold true for anyone here, when aligned with the right specialty?

My plumber charges as much or more to drive to my house as medicare pays me for 60 min of psychotherapy. We could do worse than taking a lesson from plumbers.

Medicare or any private insurance pays me the same whether I just graduated school or I have 30 years of experience, whether I am the greatest clinician or the worst. The truth is that unless you are fee for service (taking cash for services) and can raise your own rates, being the greatest clinician in the world does not matter. In fact, marketing yourself as such makes more than actually being the greatest. The thing they will not tell you in school is that a mediocre clinician with good business sense makes more than the best clinician with no business sense. Why? Because running a business is not always about being the best at your craft. I know some great tradesmen that are so busy they never answer the phone. I know some mediocre tradesmen/businesses that have courteous office staff and good scheduling/availability so they get my business. This is, at the end of the day, a customer service business and one that requires a certain volume for profit. Being in LA or NY instead of Ohio might not hurt either if you cater to rich folks.

Now, there remains the question of how much money is enough? $100k per year, $200k? $300k? The truth of the matter is that no matter what you do outside of a few outliers, your lifestyle will not change that much. You may have a Lexus instead of a Toyota or a 4000 sq ft house instead of 2000. Even the surgical specialists I know are not flying private, though I do know of one Ferrari, one Aston Martin, and a few Porsches if that matters to you.
 
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Again--YMMV--but I completed a fully funded program, graduated without debt, and am making a six-figure salary (with good benefits) doing work I find meaningful and enjoyable with decent work life balance. Those are all more important indicators of "success" to me than maximum annual earnings...the debt piece in particular was important to me and would have been unavoidable had I gone to medical school.
 
If I were someone young and ambitious right now, I would also be thinking about substance abuse treatment. Not something psychology does often but is becoming a growing problem.

That said, do you want to be a psychologist or a business person? Only two ways to make money in this field clinically, high volume or low volume wealthy clientele (forensics being a bit outside of the "clinical" setting.)

If you haven't listened to the behind the bastards episode on Dr. Phil, they touched on some of the deals he had with dodgy rehab centers and it's worth a good listening too.
 
If you haven't listened to the behind the bastards episode on Dr. Phil, they touched on some of the deals he had with dodgy rehab centers and it's worth a good listening too.
The residential substance abuse treatment center hack is legit one of the biggest forms of charlatanry you'll ever see. The money they are able to procure from CMS or private pay is unreal. And it always seems like they're owned by just the shadiest of people.
 
That checks out.

Years ago I had a biz opportunity to oversee a large group of sub abuse treatment centers that had been acquired as part of a larger private equity deal. It became quickly apparent that the management group hired to turn around these clinics were super shady, so I passed.
 
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The residential substance abuse treatment center hack is legit one of the biggest forms of charlatanry you'll ever see. The money they are able to procure from CMS or private pay is unreal. And it always seems like they're owned by just the shadiest of people.
Makes me wonder how kind/unkind the market would be to a psychologist not conducting shady business practices. Then again, I've always had a hunch that the average consumer wouldn't really be able to differentiate quality of care when perusing options .
 
Appreciate all the insight here. Though I will say, you're all making a pretty compelling case that a business management elective matters more than a third practicum rotation.

But "build a business around it" is advice you could give a plumber.

Does "just be a great clinician and the money follows" not hold true for anyone here, when aligned with the right specialty?
Personal experience backed by mentors: there is a difference between what you’re good at, and why you’re actually good at.
 
Become a psychiatrist.
It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.
 
It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.
Neuropsychology, at least in California, when paired with Forensic, turns out to be an extremely viable set of subspecialties. Until very recently, the stumbling block for neuropsychology has primarily been the expectation that the neuropsychologist would actually do the testing that is required. This is no longer the case. The California Board of Psychology has now established the Psychological Testing Technician license, which is available after having a bachelor's degree in Psychology or a related field, and about 50 hours of training and further education. This license offers people the possibility to actually do something with their BA in psychology. It allows a neuropsychologist to practice without having to perform the clerical task of administering psychological tests. A psychological testing technician cannot legally choose or interpret tests, but these things are traditionally done by the neuropsychologist anyway. The ability to legally avoid the tedious task of administering tests makes this specialty a lot more attractive.
 
That just sounds like a worse and worse idea. I’ve come full circle on tech testing. I get it and if they are competently trained it is fine, but states keep slashing requirements. I am done training techs, so I’m back to doing my own neuropsych testing. I know I can trust me, but I only do it for legal cases, and even then I’m picky bc I’d rather do record review.

People need to understand that doing neropsych + forensic might be lucrative, but it is full of landmines btw bad cases, getting embarrassed on the stand, and/or a board complaint bc you don’t know what you don’t know.
 
Appreciate all the insight here. Though I will say, you're all making a pretty compelling case that a business management elective matters more than a third practicum rotation.

But "build a business around it" is advice you could give a plumber.

Does "just be a great clinician and the money follows" not hold true for anyone here, when aligned with the right specialty?

Personal experience backed by mentors: there is a difference between what you’re good at, and why you’re actually good at.
It's a bit like the Peter Principle. Being a great clinician in a given specialty doesn't mean that you are great at marketing and monetizing it, nor are you necessarily great at running a private practice, managing employees, etc. I've seen quite a few great clinicians eschew the significantly larger remuneration that they'd receive in PP in exchange for the lower pay at an AMC, VAMC, or other institutional setting. In some cases it's because of some benefit uniquely provided in one of those settings (e.g., mentorship/teaching and research opportunities at AMCs), but in others it's an aversion to the business side of things and/or insight that they don't have that skillset and would be miserable attaining and using these skills and knowledge.

It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.
I don't know about all that. I'm not a prescriber and it's not my area of research, but I'm skeptical that such a blanket and expansive claim is accurate.

Neuropsychology, at least in California, when paired with Forensic, turns out to be an extremely viable set of subspecialties. Until very recently, the stumbling block for neuropsychology has primarily been the expectation that the neuropsychologist would actually do the testing that is required. This is no longer the case. The California Board of Psychology has now established the Psychological Testing Technician license, which is available after having a bachelor's degree in Psychology or a related field, and about 50 hours of training and further education. This license offers people the possibility to actually do something with their BA in psychology. It allows a neuropsychologist to practice without having to perform the clerical task of administering psychological tests. A psychological testing technician cannot legally choose or interpret tests, but these things are traditionally done by the neuropsychologist anyway. The ability to legally avoid the tedious task of administering tests makes this specialty a lot more attractive.
Similarly, I'm skeptical that this "technician license" matters all that much. I was a psych tech in a different state and one of my responsibilities was administering and scoring neuropsych tests. I didn't need any sort of license or certification for this work and I'm not sure what the incremental benefit would for it given the scope of what psychometrists can and should be allowed to do.

People need to understand that doing neropsych + forensic might be lucrative, but it is full of landmines btw bad cases, getting embarrassed on the stand, and/or a board complaint bc you don’t know what you don’t know.
I see so much interest in getting into neuropsych and/or forensic online but without the recognition of the caveats, risks, and other issues.
 
Similarly, I'm skeptical that this "technician license" matters all that much. I was a psych tech in a different state and one of my responsibilities was administering and scoring neuropsych tests. I didn't need any sort of license or certification for this work and I'm not sure what the incremental benefit would for it given the scope of what psychometrists can and should be allowed to do.

Yeah, very few states require any sort of psychomterist certification. Some require that the person be master's level, but those are pretty scarce too. As for the expectation that neuropsychologists would be the ones doing the testing, that hasn't been the case in most areas for quite some time. One could probably go look back at the history of salary surveys and the like for some numbers, but psychometrists have been the norm in a lot of places for quite some time. Though, I agree with T4C, I will not use them for most medicolegal work, too many issues.
 
Yeah, psychometrist use per the last salary survey was >50%, although it doesn't break it down by nature of the evaluation (e.g., clinical vs. forensic). I know neuropsychologists on both sides of the issue--those who use psychometrists for forensic work and those who don't.

Full disclosure, I don't know anything about CA's laws/regulations.
 
It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.
1) A thousand years is a gross exaggeration.
2)Did you even read my post above? I detail just how time-consuming and poor of an ROI the MSCP currently is. The OP, presumably, is considering exploration of fiscal return of a subspeciality following training in a doctorate for clinical psychology. The more direct pathway is medical school, followed by a psychiatry residency, given their current plan.
3) While yes, the competition against psychiatric NP's has risen over the years, the top paying gigs are still protected for MD and DO's.
4) The goal of any good psychiatric prescriber is not to keep a patient on an antidepressant indefinitely.
5) What antidepressants are you talking about?!? Most are cheaper or the same cost as antibiotics.
 
I see so much interest in getting into neuropsych and/or forensic online but without the recognition of the caveats, risks, and other issues.

The other half of this issue is that the question is worded poorly and the bias is toward late career earnings. Forensics/neuropsychology may well make the most...eventually. However, the lucrative part of forensic work does not usually come with a biweekly paycheck unless you like working in prisons. This is great for established folks. However, if you can't land that first hospital job in a place you want to live, does being well compensated in 20 yrs do a lot for you? Conversely, geriatrics has tons of entry level jobs in every locale. The later stage work may not be as lucrative. However, I am seeing fewer and fewer VA neuropsych jobs that entry level folks will need.
 
1) A thousand years is a gross exaggeration.
2)Did you even read my post above? I detail just how time-consuming and poor of an ROI the MSCP currently is. The OP, presumably, is considering exploration of fiscal return of a subspeciality following training in a doctorate for clinical psychology. The more direct pathway is medical school, followed by a psychiatry residency, given their current plan.
3) While yes, the competition against psychiatric NP's has risen over the years, the top paying gigs are still protected for MD and DO's.
4) The goal of any good psychiatric prescriber is not to keep a patient on an antidepressant indefinitely.
5) What antidepressants are you talking about?!? Most are cheaper or the same cost as antibiotics.
I was curious, so just did a quick search. Per a pretty recent review (2025), 13.2% of US adults are taking antidepressants, and of those, the median use duration was 5 years, with 25% of people taking them for >10 years.

So there's a decent proportion of folks taking antidepressants, and a decent proportion of those people who stay on them for a while. Although I don't think the study specified the antidepressant type (just skimmed it).
 
It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.
Explain the difference in the training time for neuropsychology and rxp. Then explain how you are aware of patient preferences, for a modality you don't use.
 
It's just not a viable option for most people. It takes a thousand years, and by the time you're finished, you're competing with psychiatric N.P.s and all kinds of people who can prescribe medication that people say they want until they try it and experience the side effects and/or the lack of efficacy. Nobody seems to use current antidepressants for very long because they have nasty side effects, they don't work very well, and they're very expensive.

Isn't it four years for medical school and four years for residency? To be a real neuropsychologist from a decent program, it's like 5-7 years of graduate school (including internship) plus another two for postdoc plus EPPP and boards (if you go that route). Honestly, it seems pretty comparable in terms of time.

As far as competition goes, it's true that many mental health medications are prescribed in primary care. It's equally true that psychiatry seems to be (from one outside looking in), a fairly competitive medical specialty with a decent salary (albeit less than some other specialties) with good job prospects. It's certainly more than what many will make in clinical psychology.