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Thanks aPD, great information as always. Every job I've had has offered some form of short-term disability, but my understanding is that this isn't always a legally requirement. Do you typically have to work for a period of time before you become eligible to claim benefits? Or can a person claim short-term disability starting on day one?
This is a little complicated, but if an employee goes out on short-term disability but isn't yet eligible for FMLA leave (due to being in their first year of employment) do they have legal protections against termination? I would hope that a hospital wouldn't resort to this, but would the resident have legal rights?
Short term disability is a work benefit -- it will completely depend upon the employer, so there's no way to make blanket statements. Some employers self insure for short term disability (just keep paying people for 6 months if disabled), and then use insurance to cover long term absences. Some will have STD insurance. Some will have no disability insurance. Exclusions, or lower payouts, for new employees until they have worked a certain period of time are possible. Some states might have state run systems. There are too many possibilities to cover.
On the second issue, you are incorrect. It's not "a little complicated". It's very complicated! They would not have FMLA protection, since they don't meet the requirements. But if the employer had offered similar protections to employees in the past, they might be forced to continue doing so. Or there might be state or local laws that require this. Residents (or any employees) always have legal rights, but what those rights are depend upon where you're working.