"Let First-Year Residents Work Longer Shifts, ACGME Proposes"

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The thing you're missing is that your patients don't respect work hours. Sometimes you finish early, sometimes you finish late. Having set hours is stupid. Also leaving the hospital at 11 pm sounds horrible.
but if you recognize that occasionally crap happens, you keep the original plan low enough to account for crap happening. 16hrs with an occasional crap happens is quite literally 8hrs better than 24hrs with occasional crap happening.
 
The thing you're missing is that your patients don't respect work hours. Sometimes you finish early, sometimes you finish late. Having set hours is stupid. Also leaving the hospital at 11 pm sounds horrible.

I've done those kinds of shifts as a nurse, and longer. Yes, it sucks, but it gets the needs of the patients and the department met. Yes, you are right, patients don't need you on a schedule, they need you when they need you. But, recall, this schedule has 4 hours of overlap on either end... so if there is nothing going at 8pm and you've given sign out, there is no reason that you HAVE to stay until 11pm. Remember 80 hours is supposed to be a cap, not a minimum. And if you do go home early now and again, maybe you can stay late another time or come in for something special on a different day.

This is just a proof of concept schedule. There are a lot of ways it could be tweaked. I'm just saying that it is entirely possible for a 16 hour shift limit to be done in a way that meets the needs of all parties. So, there are alternatives to boosting intern hours to 24 (really 28). I don't really care what those alternatives are, as long as they are explored before going for the option that places the maximum burden on the least capable, most error prone, member of the team.
 
5+ interns per service. Most programs aren't covering just one service. With subspecialty surgical interns and prelims included and off service rotators (anesthesia does a few months with us, eg) we have almost 50 interns per year and it's not enough to provide five interns to every service, even taking cross cover into account.

Maybe the answer is not to try to staff every possible hour with trainees.

I get that this is how we are meant to learn, but at a certain point it becomes clear that learning opportunities are not the only consideration, nor even the guiding concern. At a certain point, it becomes obvious that it is about labor that doesn't have to be paid overtime, and that isn't in a position to complain.
 
You missed resident safety on your list. Driving accidents, needlesticks, mental health all get worse with worse hours

I agree with @SouthernSurgeon that resident QOL should be a consideration.

I also agree that you need to consider resident safety.

However, the literature is also mixed on these issues. The biggest systematic reviews suggest no improvement or only slightly improvement in resident well-being with duty hour restrictions. This combined with no improvement in patient safety and a definite decrement in resident education makes the value of further restricting work hours questionable.

I agree that the old-old way (120+ hours) was excessive. 80 hours (88 with the 10% extension) seemed to work pretty well. I am not at all convinced that further limitations on interns has made any real improvement on any of the important measures (patient safety, resident well-being/safety, resident education).

As far as attending working long hours - we do. My hospital has 24 hour inpatient attending coverage for the ED, ICU, and hospitalist services. Granted, there are also residents, but the attending are here as well.

As a surgical attending, I work 60-ish hours per week in the hospital in addition to being on call from home every 3rd night and weekend. My life is much better now than when I was a resident, but the reason I can manage patients now is because of my experience as a resident. Being on call, managing sick patients, seeing ED consults, operating at all hours on all kinds of cases prepared me for a successful career. I trained post-80 hour, pre-16 hour restriction. Had my hours been further limited, I would have needed more years of training, or would have been ill-prepared for my current job.

Also, for those who are suggesting that we just hire more interns, who is going to pay for them? GME funding has been capped for years. Also, once you hire more interns, you need to give them advanced spots otherwise you really are just exploiting them for cheap labor. Hiring more mid-levels is one option, and does solve some of the issues regarding patient coverage, but physicians are better for a lot of things and having a mid-level taking shifts mean residents are not getting that educational experience.

I get that not everything a resident does is truly educational. However, it is all part of learning to be a doctor. Even the mundane stuff like paperwork is part of it. Also, you never really know when the most educational experiences are going to happen. Many of my most memorable / educational patient care experiences happened after hours when on-call as a resident / fellow.

One additional complaint that I and many surgical colleagues have regarding the work-hour restrictions is the one-size-fits all approach that the ACGME has taken. Different specialties have different training needs and squeezing all specialties into the same work-hour requirements is not appropriate, in my opinion. Surgical trainees need more time in the hospital since the only way to learn surgery is to do surgery. Perhaps non-procedural specialities need more time out of the hospital to study and read.
 
You wouldn't let an intern have a few beers across their shift. But that is the effect of sleep deprivation beyond 17 hours. The impairment increases so that 24 hours without sleep is approximately equivalent to having a 0.1% BAC, which would make it illegal for the intern to drive home at that point. But still totally okay to practice medicine?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1739867/

People who are cognitively impaired often don't appreciate the degree of their own impairment. People who have had a couple of beers are sure that they aren't too impaired to drive, even if they demonstrate clear impairment when specifically tested. Similarly, doctors and nurses don't appreciate the extent to which 24 hours of duty without sleep impairs their judgment.

I loved my 24 hour shifts because I could knock out two days of work in one. But even at the time, I was aware that by the end of them, my judgment was waning. I'd have other nurses check med calculations for me and I'd have to double or triple check that I was doing the right thing for the right patient. It would have been so easy to make a mistake that could have hurt or killed someone. It scares me that medical culture treats that kind of unnecessary risk taking as not only acceptable, but somehow something to be proud of, as a badge of toughness.
 
Your experience as a nurse working 24 hour shifts is very different from a doctor working a 24 hour shift. You shouldn't bring it into the conversation as if it were relevant. Even the ex-PAs that I know that are now doctors say that it's not even close to the same for them.
 
Your experience as a nurse working 24 hour shifts is very different from a doctor working a 24 hour shift. You shouldn't bring it into the conversation as if it were relevant.

Your dismissiveness toward nursing and nurses is tiresomely predictable and is the reason I had you on ignore for many months.

I never said that it was an identical experience, but it isn't so different that I can't discuss it in a way that allows my conversational partners be able to discern for themselves the degree to which it applies. If you cannot, that would seem to be your deficiency, not mine. I do not need your approval regarding what I may and may not bring up.

It is telling that you ignored every other point that I made in order to disapprove of my mention of nursing.
 
Your dismissiveness toward nursing and nurses is tiresomely predictable and is the reason I had you on ignore for many months.

I never said that it was an identical experience, but it isn't so different that I can't discuss it in a way that allows my conversational partners be able to discern for themselves the degree to which it applies. If you cannot, that would seem to be your deficiency, not mine. I do not need your approval regarding what I may and may not bring up.

It is telling that you ignored every other point that I made in order to disapprove of my mention of nursing.
A resident can escape to the call room to catch even a 15-30 minute nap. A nurse caught sleeping on the job would be fired.
 
I agree with @SouthernSurgeon that resident QOL should be a consideration.

I also agree that you need to consider resident safety.

However, the literature is also mixed on these issues. The biggest systematic reviews suggest no improvement or only slightly improvement in resident well-being with duty hour restrictions. This combined with no improvement in patient safety and a definite decrement in resident education makes the value of further restricting work hours questionable.

I agree that the old-old way (120+ hours) was excessive. 80 hours (88 with the 10% extension) seemed to work pretty well. I am not at all convinced that further limitations on interns has made any real improvement on any of the important measures (patient safety, resident well-being/safety, resident education).

As far as attending working long hours - we do. My hospital has 24 hour inpatient attending coverage for the ED, ICU, and hospitalist services. Granted, there are also residents, but the attending are here as well.

As a surgical attending, I work 60-ish hours per week in the hospital in addition to being on call from home every 3rd night and weekend. My life is much better now than when I was a resident, but the reason I can manage patients now is because of my experience as a resident. Being on call, managing sick patients, seeing ED consults, operating at all hours on all kinds of cases prepared me for a successful career. I trained post-80 hour, pre-16 hour restriction. Had my hours been further limited, I would have needed more years of training, or would have been ill-prepared for my current job.

Also, for those who are suggesting that we just hire more interns, who is going to pay for them? GME funding has been capped for years. Also, once you hire more interns, you need to give them advanced spots otherwise you really are just exploiting them for cheap labor. Hiring more mid-levels is one option, and does solve some of the issues regarding patient coverage, but physicians are better for a lot of things and having a mid-level taking shifts mean residents are not getting that educational experience.

I get that not everything a resident does is truly educational. However, it is all part of learning to be a doctor. Even the mundane stuff like paperwork is part of it. Also, you never really know when the most educational experiences are going to happen. Many of my most memorable / educational patient care experiences happened after hours when on-call as a resident / fellow.

One additional complaint that I and many surgical colleagues have regarding the work-hour restrictions is the one-size-fits all approach that the ACGME has taken. Different specialties have different training needs and squeezing all specialties into the same work-hour requirements is not appropriate, in my opinion. Surgical trainees need more time in the hospital since the only way to learn surgery is to do surgery. Perhaps non-procedural specialities need more time out of the hospital to study and read.
I apologize if this sounds terse, but the "who is going to pay for all the extra help if the resident don't work the extra time?" really isn't the residents problem. It simply doesn't matter. That's the system's problem and not theirs. You may choose to work 24hr shifts but you can choose, and the VAST majority of attendings across most fields don't do 28hr shifts anymore and they don't work 320hrs/month. These resident can't refuse and we all know it. You simply can't tell the people already working the most hours in the hospital that they need to work more because they are also the only ones who can have their hours increased for free.

As for the complaints from PDs about the one-size-fits-all ACGME approach to hour restrictions, that blame lies on those who were PDs in the pre-Libby Zion era. The hours then were absurd and so far from being defensible that the PDs of yesteryear get to own that. They got so far out of hand that someone had to step in and protect the trainees.
 
You wouldn't let an intern have a few beers across their shift. But that is the effect of sleep deprivation beyond 17 hours. The impairment increases so that 24 hours without sleep is approximately equivalent to having a 0.1% BAC, which would make it illegal for the intern to drive home at that point. But still totally okay to practice medicine?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1739867/

People who are cognitively impaired often don't appreciate the degree of their own impairment. People who have had a couple of beers are sure that they aren't too impaired to drive, even if they demonstrate clear impairment when specifically tested. Similarly, doctors and nurses don't appreciate the extent to which 24 hours of duty without sleep impairs their judgment.

I loved my 24 hour shifts because I could knock out two days of work in one. But even at the time, I was aware that by the end of them, my judgment was waning. I'd have other nurses check med calculations for me and I'd have to double or triple check that I was doing the right thing for the right patient. It would have been so easy to make a mistake that could have hurt or killed someone. It scares me that medical culture treats that kind of unnecessary risk taking as not only acceptable, but somehow something to be proud of, as a badge of toughness.

And this was the argument for instituting the 80 hour rule to begin with. However, the numerous studies have failed to demonstrate an improvement in patient safety with decreasing work hours. The reasons for this are unclear, but could be that the findings of these drunk vs tired studies do not translate into the real world or that the increased risk of hand-offs offsets any benefit of sleep for the residents.

Resident safety has not been well studied. I did recently see a study that showed that needle-stick injuries were not any more (I think) but I cannot find that study at the moment.

There are numerous surveys of resident quality of life. Generally, non-surgical residents are satisfied with fewer hours, surgical residents are dissatisfied with fewer hours.
 
I apologize if this sounds terse, but the "who is going to pay for all the extra help if the resident don't work the extra time?" really isn't the residents problem. It simply doesn't matter. That's the system's problem and not theirs. You may choose to work 24hr shifts but you can choose, and the VAST majority of attendings across most fields don't do 28hr shifts anymore and they don't work 320hrs/month. These resident can't refuse and we all know it. You simply can't tell the people already working the most hours in the hospital that they need to work more because they are also the only ones who can have their hours increased for free.

As for the complaints from PDs about the one-size-fits-all ACGME approach to hour restrictions, that blame lies on those who were PDs in the pre-Libby Zion era. The hours then were absurd and so far from being defensible that the PDs of yesteryear get to own that. They got so far out of hand that someone had to step in and protect the trainees.

"Who is going to pay for it" is everybody's problem. Some of the current trainees are going to be academic attendings at some point and it will definitely be their problem. Even if you do not go into academics, there are limited dollars to go around. You should be interested in how it is distributed.

Also, you completely ignored the non-economic arguments I made for not further limiting work hours. As I said, it was my experience that working more hours was a benefit to my education. This finding is also born out in numerous studies for surgical residents.

Non-surgical residents are different. Hence the reason that the ACGME approach of holding all specialties to the same rules is stupid.
 
"Who is going to pay for it" is everybody's problem. Some of the current trainees are going to be academic attendings at some point and it will definitely be their problem. Even if you do not go into academics, there are limited dollars to go around. You should be interested in how it is distributed.

Also, you completely ignored the non-economic arguments I made for not further limiting work hours. As I said, it was my experience that working more hours was a benefit to my education. This finding is also born out in numerous studies for surgical residents.

Non-surgical residents are different. Hence the reason that the ACGME approach of holding all specialties to the same rules is stupid.
It's the system's problem, but you are a part of the system, and any solution must either involve a massive disruption of the system (extremely unlikely) or a way to work within the limitations of that system.

Within the current system there aren't a ton of immediate radical alternatives. The question of "who will pay for it" is a huge one, and there isn't a readily available alternative workforce. Any improvements are likely to take time and will be only incremental and not transformative.

That's not a defense of the current system, just an assessment of where things stand today.
But the system just wants to lay this back on the most powerless cohort.

The hospitals don't get to say they are short of nurses and just assign 70 patients to each nurse or just order them all to stay for free. They stop admitting if they run out. And they can't take away a nurse's career for refusing oppressive hours. The attendings can tell the program to take a long walk and leave for greener pastures with their license intact. If the hospital wants more/different hours out of them then it has to pony up enough money to make the deal.

But the residents? They are stuck and have to keep their head down and stay compliant or their entire career is gone. And everyone knows it. PDs know it, administration knows it, residents know it, nurses know it, and the med students know it. It's ridiculous to say that there isn't a lot of money so the people adding to their plate are the only ones that work extra hours for free and can't speak up. So in regards to the system saying they need certain hours covered...too bad. The system doesn't get to lay it on the feet of the powerless...patient care costs money and it's not the resident's problem to try and make it free.
 
A resident can escape to the call room to catch even a 15-30 minute nap. A nurse caught sleeping on the job would be fired.

Interns can escape to the call room for a nap? Really? Not the ones that I've known. Those poor fools were run ragged. EDIT: Seriously, I know that there are calls when you can get some rest. But the ones where you can't, where it is one crisis after another all night, are the very times when you need the rest the most. That is the problem. The time when you are at your worst is when you need to be at your best.

Not all nursing jobs are the same. I've been able to nap for a few minutes between cases when I was on call in the OR, and that is how I managed 36 hours in house during a blizzard that time, when there was no one who could get there to relieve those of us who had reported to work, and the cases kept needing to be done. (I did have to clock out for those 15-30 minutes, it is true. Sleeping while being paid isn't something nurses get to do.) Still, even with a couple of hours of rest over that day and a half, by the end it, I was having minor visual hallucinations and had to sleep for a few hours in our call room before I was safe to even walk home.
 
But the system just wants to lay this back on the most powerless cohort.

The hospitals don't get to say they are short of nurses and just assign 70 patients to each nurse or just order them all to stay for free. They stop admitting if they run out. And they can't take away a nurse's career for refusing oppressive hours. The attendings can tell the program to take a long walk and leave for greener pastures with their license intact. If the hospital wants more/different hours out of them then it has to pony up enough money to make the deal.

But the residents? They are stuck and have to keep their head down and stay compliant or their entire career is gone. And everyone knows it. PDs know it, administration knows it, residents know it, nurses know it, and the med students know it. It's ridiculous to say that there isn't a lot of money so the people adding to their plate are the only ones that work extra hours for free and can't speak up. So in regards to the system saying they need certain hours covered...too bad. The system doesn't get to lay it on the feet of the powerless...patient care costs money and it's not the resident's problem to try and make it free.

You could always do something else.
 
You could always do something else.

Or you could not dismiss the concerns of someone who was able to get to this point and has made enormous sacrifices to do so because they acknowledge that they do have a breaking point.

Edit: That was terse. Sorry.

We could go do something else. You are right. But is that really the best answer?

Part of the reason that change isn't possible is that it has been pre-determined to be impossible.
 
You could always do something else.
This is precisely the type of faculty attitude that necessitates ACGME hour restrictions...

It's not unreasonable for trainees to say that a 16hr day and an 80hr week is their limit. For what it's worth, I think your side is going to win this particular struggle but I don't believe that we are better off for it. We'll have to agree to disagree on this one.
 
Interns can escape to the call room for a nap? Really? Not the ones that I've known. Those poor fools were run ragged. EDIT: Seriously, I know that there are calls when you can get some rest. But the ones where you can't, where it is one crisis after another all night, are the very times when you need the rest the most. That is the problem. The time when you are at your worst is when you need to be at your best.

Not all nursing jobs are the same. I've been able to nap for a few minutes between cases when I was on call in the OR, and that is how I managed 36 hours in house during a blizzard that time, when there was no one who could get there to relieve those of us who had reported to work, and the cases kept needing to be done. (I did have to clock out for those 15-30 minutes, it is true. Sleeping while being paid isn't something nurses get to do.) Still, even with a couple of hours of rest over that day and a half, by the end it, I was having minor visual hallucinations and had to sleep for a few hours in our call room before I was safe to even walk home.
The way things were each resident had less patients to cover since you weren't dumping everything to the night float guy. You also were primarily covering your service so you know more about the patients and can handle issues more efficiently rather than finding the random patient on your sign out sheet, re reading the chart, and evaluating the patient from scratch.
 
You missed resident safety on your list. Driving accidents, needlesticks, mental health all get worse with worse hours
"Worse" is a sort of relative term. You'll be more tired pulling 4x12+2x16 than you will be after pulling 2x28+1x24 in a 7 day span.
 
This is precisely the type of faculty attitude that necessitates ACGME hour restrictions...

It's not unreasonable for trainees to say that a 16hr day and an 80hr week is their limit. For what it's worth, I think your side is going to win this particular struggle but I don't believe that we are better off for it. We'll have to agree to disagree on this one.
It's sad that this is coming from doctors, the same people whose job it is to encourage people to have a healthy lifestyle.
 
"Worse" is a sort of relative term. You'll be more tired pulling 4x12+2x16 than you will be after pulling 2x28+1x24 in a 7 day span.
I've done manual labor on scale with those hours....it all stinks. But let's be honest it's not like they want to stick to 80hrs. This is just a progression to move the 80hr limit too
 
I've done manual labor on scale with those hours....it all stinks. But let's be honest it's not like they want to stick to 80hrs. This is just a progression to move the 80hr limit too
And while they'll argue that 80 hrs/week of non-stop work for 3-5 years isn't enough for us to be safe as independent practitioners, DNPs are setting up shop with 500 hours of shadowing. Nice job America.
 
Or you could not dismiss the concerns of someone who was able to get to this point and has made enormous sacrifices to do so because they acknowledge that they do have a breaking point.

Edit: That was terse. Sorry.

We could go do something else. You are right. But is that really the best answer?

Part of the reason that change isn't possible is that it has been pre-determined to be impossible.

This is precisely the type of faculty attitude that necessitates ACGME hour restrictions...

It's not unreasonable for trainees to say that a 16hr day and an 80hr week is their limit. For what it's worth, I think your side is going to win this particular struggle but I don't believe that we are better off for it. We'll have to agree to disagree on this one.

That's your answer to a broken system that's pushing people to commit suicide?

That is my answer to a bunch of people who come here, whine about the system, and offer no suggestions for reform. That is my answer to people who are too inexperienced to know the value that the long hours and nights on call have for their education and preparedness for independent practice. That is my answer to a bunch of people who are cynical enough to think that the only driving force behind the current system is money.

You say the answer is simple - hire more people. I ask who will pay for it? Your answer - "not my problem." But, you see, as a part of the system, it is your problem.

You say that we could always fire some nurses - maybe. We do need more nurses than doctors, but perhaps not as many as we have now.

Asking attendings to work more - plenty of us already do. No one is watching my work hours. I don't get to go home if I am stuck in the hospital all night. My years as a resident prepared me for this.

I am salaried - I can't just tell my boss that I would work less - I would get fired. Plus, that is not good patient care.

We discuss the goals of work hour reform:
1) Improve patient safety - numerous studies have shown no benefit to patient safety with limitations in work hours. He studies that do suggest benefit show very small and questionable benefit.

2) Improve resident QOL / safety - numerous studies show that residents, especially surgical residents, are less satisfied with further restrictions in work hours. Resident safet is not well studied, and certainly should be, but small limited studies suggest resident safety is not improved with restricted work hours.

3) Maintain quality education - numerous studies, again in surgical fields, show quite clearly that resident education has suffered since limiting work hours.

So what problems are you trying to solve? Are the solutions you propose the best solutions?
 
"Worse" is a sort of relative term. You'll be more tired pulling 4x12+2x16 than you will be after pulling 2x28+1x24 in a 7 day span.

I could, personally tolerate 3 x 24-28, even though I think that is a far less than ideal schedule. But let's be honest that isn't what would happen. There wouldn't be 3-4 days off per week. It would be 4 x 13 + 28 + whatever other hours you get pressured into filling off the books.
 
That is my answer to a bunch of people who come here, whine about the system, and offer no suggestions for reform. That is my answer to people who are too inexperienced to know the value that the long hours and nights on call have for their education and preparedness for independent practice. That is my answer to a bunch of people who are cynical enough to think that the only driving force behind the current system is money.

You say the answer is simple - hire more people. I ask who will pay for it? Your answer - "not my problem." But, you see, as a part of the system, it is your problem.

You say that we could always fire some nurses - maybe. We do need more nurses than doctors, but perhaps not as many as we have now.

Asking attendings to work more - plenty of us already do. No one is watching my work hours. I don't get to go home if I am stuck in the hospital all night. My years as a resident prepared me for this.

I am salaried - I can't just tell my boss that I would work less - I would get fired. Plus, that is not good patient care.

We discuss the goals of work hour reform:
1) Improve patient safety - numerous studies have shown no benefit to patient safety with limitations in work hours. He studies that do suggest benefit show very small and questionable benefit.

2) Improve resident QOL / safety - numerous studies show that residents, especially surgical residents, are less satisfied with further restrictions in work hours. Resident safet is not well studied, and certainly should be, but small limited studies suggest resident safety is not improved with restricted work hours.

3) Maintain quality education - numerous studies, again in surgical fields, show quite clearly that resident education has suffered since limiting work hours.

So what problems are you trying to solve? Are the solutions you propose the best solutions?
Your points primarily have to do with surgical specialties. One of the issues here is that the same rules are being applied to every field, which is not right. I do not need to spend all night in the hospital, being paged every 15 minutes because someone is itching, to be a good internist. What I do need is time for reading and studying, which I barely have. Non-surgery residents on average are not happy with 28 hour calls.
 
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Your points primarily have to do with surgical specialties. One of the issues here is that the same rules are being applied to every field, which is not right. I do not need to spend all night in the hospital, being paged every 15 minutes because someone is itching, to be a good internist. What I do need is time for reading and studying, which I barely have. Non-surgery residents on average are not happy with 28 hour calls.

Exactly - and I already made that exact point.
 
Your points primarily have to do with surgical specialties. One of the issues here is that the same rules are being applied to every field, which is not right. I do not need to spend all night in the hospital, being paged every 15 minutes because someone is itching, to be a good internist. What I do need is time for reading and studying, which I barely have. Non-surgery residents on average are not happy with 28 hour calls.

Right and that's why I think a lot of the reactions to this proposed change are unnecessary. This isn't some conspiracy by the ACGME. It's a direct response to the FIRST trial and more or less is the ACGME saying "fine let the surgeons have their 24 hr call back". Most other fields, medicine included, don't have much enthusiasm for changing their systems back.
 
Right and that's why I think a lot of the reactions to this proposed change are unnecessary. This isn't some conspiracy by the ACGME. It's a direct response to the FIRST trial and more or less is the ACGME saying "fine let the surgeons have their 24 hr call back". Most other fields, medicine included, don't have much enthusiasm for changing their systems back.
Yes, except that the documents from the ACGME did not say anywhere that this change would be limited to surgeons? http://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/CPRNewsRelease_Fall2016_FINAL.pdf
http://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ReviewandComment/CPR_SectionVI_ChangesTracked.pdf

It sounds like they are making these proposals to extend to all specialties. Whether the medicine programs are interested in changing back or not, allowing them to is a bad idea.
 
So what problems are you trying to solve? Are the solutions you propose the best solutions?

If there aren't enough hands to do all the work that needs to be done, and if the best answer to that is to increase utilization of graduate medical trainees for their labor...

Then that means that the opportunity is there to lobby more aggressively for expanding GME funding. If some fraction of the efforts being put into trying to squeeze more labor out of the current pool of residents were applied to making the case for why more help is needed, getting that money wouldn't be as hard to do. If it were laid out to the majority of the public that the physicians who provide most of their direct care in the hospital are working 24 hour shifts because there isn't enough money to have enough of them, you'd find popular support for increased GME money would skyrocket.
 
For all the talk about patient safety, turnovers and a culture of shift work over ownership are the real dangers. You just don't care about other people's patients as much as your own and you sure as **** don't know them as well.

It stung a little to see the pre-2003 training era as "another generation" but maybe that's true.
 
For all the talk about patient safety, turnovers and a culture of shift work over ownership are the real dangers. You just don't care about other people's patients as much as your own and you sure as **** don't know them as well.

It stung a little to see the pre-2003 training era as "another generation" but maybe that's true.
So are you going to stick with your patient 24 hours a day, 365 days a year until your patient dies? When's the last time you did a 28 hour shift as an attending? Turnovers, shifts, etc are part of every job in healthcare (and every job in the world), no reason why we should be different. You own your patients while you're taking care of them - that's your job. And the next guy should do the same. Your job is not to be there forever.
 
If there aren't enough hands to do all the work that needs to be done, and if the best answer to that is to increase utilization of graduate medical trainees for their labor...

Then that means that the opportunity is there to lobby more aggressively for expanding GME funding. If some fraction of the efforts being put into trying to squeeze more labor out of the current pool of residents were applied to making the case for why more help is needed, getting that money wouldn't be as hard to do. If it were laid out to the majority of the public that the physicians who provide most of their direct care in the hospital are working 24 hour shifts because there isn't enough money to have enough of them, you'd find popular support for increased GME money would skyrocket.
Except NPs and PAs cost the government nothing, so it makes more sense from a policy effort to encourage expansion of their training than to train more physicians.
 
But the system just wants to lay this back on the most powerless cohort.

The hospitals don't get to say they are short of nurses and just assign 70 patients to each nurse or just order them all to stay for free. They stop admitting if they run out. And they can't take away a nurse's career for refusing oppressive hours. The attendings can tell the program to take a long walk and leave for greener pastures with their license intact. If the hospital wants more/different hours out of them then it has to pony up enough money to make the deal.

But the residents? They are stuck and have to keep their head down and stay compliant or their entire career is gone. And everyone knows it. PDs know it, administration knows it, residents know it, nurses know it, and the med students know it. It's ridiculous to say that there isn't a lot of money so the people adding to their plate are the only ones that work extra hours for free and can't speak up. So in regards to the system saying they need certain hours covered...too bad. The system doesn't get to lay it on the feet of the powerless...patient care costs money and it's not the resident's problem to try and make it free.
Ah, the libertarian that doesn't like others setting the rules for him in a contract in exchange for a service. How ironic.

They provide you with an education. You work in exchange for that education. It is very valuable, so they make you work a lot. That's the way it has always been. Back in the day, physicians held life debts to those that trained them. Nowadays we're getting off pretty easy- less hours, more support staff, better pay, and better equipment than any other time in history, and yet still we whine.
 
Ah, the libertarian that doesn't like others setting the rules for him in a contract in exchange for a service. How ironic.

They provide you with an education. You work in exchange for that education. It is very valuable, so they make you work a lot. That's the way it has always been. Back in the day, physicians held life debts to those that trained them. Nowadays we're getting off pretty easy- less hours, more support staff, better pay, and better equipment than any other time in history, and yet still we whine.
govt enforced monopoly.....completely changes the rules.
 
govt enforced monopoly.....completely changes the rules.
Even without the government, there were physician guilds stretching back thousands of years. They ensured their stranglehold on training by essentially excommunicating anyone that broke their rules in regard to how to train others and what costs were expected in exchange, and blackballing anyone that trained with a person cast out of the guild. It was the same stranglehold they hold today, albeit by a different mechanism. Eventually governments got involved in codifying guilds as the de facto practitioners of their given craft, but there was a long pre-government history of professions and guilds.
 
Ah, the libertarian that doesn't like others setting the rules for him in a contract in exchange for a service. How ironic.

They provide you with an education. You work in exchange for that education. It is very valuable, so they make you work a lot. That's the way it has always been. Back in the day, physicians held life debts to those that trained them. Nowadays we're getting off pretty easy- less hours, more support staff, better pay, and better equipment than any other time in history, and yet still we whine.
You're joking right? Back in the days physicians had a much better life. Almost universal respect, no mountains of paperwork, EMRs, billing and coding, quality metrics, notes that are pages and pages long with little substance and "documentation experts" telling us to rewrite our notes, insurance company MBAs telling us how to do our jobs, nurses thinking they can do our jobs with an online degree... shall I go on and on? No, back in the day we did one thing and one thing only - take care of patients.
 
Even without the government, there were physician guilds stretching back thousands of years. They ensured their stranglehold on training by essentially excommunicating anyone that broke their rules in regard to how to train others and what costs were expected in exchange, and blackballing anyone that trained with a person cast out of the guild. It was the same stranglehold they hold today, albeit by a different mechanism. Eventually governments got involved in codifying guilds as the de facto practitioners of their given craft, but there was a long pre-government history of professions and guilds.
I'm aware of the history or professions forming guilds and trying ostracize those that don't keep in step. But if your trade is painting and the other painters don't want to talk to me because I didn't jump through the painting guild hoops, I can still paint things. You may choose to not rent gallery space to me from the guild but I can still ply my trade.

Govt lets, quite literally with threat of force and prison, the medical boards decide who gets to be banned. In this regard the medical boards (and by extension the residency and school process) are just outsourced govt. So it's not a matter of free market as long as the govt enforces the decisions of the medical boards/aamc/etc.
 
The reality might be that we could benefit from a more gradual shift of responsibility, rather than one day being supervised residents and the next being completely autonomous attendings. It would allow for a greater length of training, and would account for whatever deficiencies we might have by having less hours put in.

That still leaves us with the question of how to account for individual variation (not everyone needs the same amount of time to master a skill) and how the hell we decide when someone is "really" ready for the outside world.

Although I respect the ability of surgeons to determine the skill of other surgeons, how much of the perception of younger attendings is simply a function of bias (if they are inferior it's because of inferior training, but if they're normal or superior then it's despite that training) and a normal perception of a younger cohort?

govt enforced monopoly.....completely changes the rules.

It isn't really relevant to the conversation, but didn't you argue in favor of extended intellectual property rights yesterday?
 
You're joking right? Back in the days physicians had a much better life. Almost universal respect, no mountains of paperwork, EMRs, billing and coding, quality metrics, notes that are pages and pages long with little substance and "documentation experts" telling us to rewrite our notes, insurance company MBAs telling us how to do our jobs, nurses thinking they can do our jobs with an online degree... shall I go on and on? No, back in the day we did one thing and one thing only - take care of patients.

You mean the days when residents lived in the hospital? Talk about work hours...

I'm aware of the history or professions forming guilds and trying ostracize those that don't keep in step. But if your trade is painting and the other painters don't want to talk to me because I didn't jump through the painting guild hoops, I can still paint things. You may choose to not rent gallery space to me from the guild but I can still ply my trade.

Govt lets, quite literally with threat of force and prison, the medical boards decide who gets to be banned. In this regard the medical boards (and by extension the residency and school process) are just outsourced govt. So it's not a matter of free market as long as the govt enforces the decisions of the medical boards/aamc/etc.

Somebody needs to make sure that there is patient safety. There needs to be regulation of training and practice for this reason.

You can argue with the methods, but no one should desire the pre-Flexner report days when anyone could apprentice with anyone else and call themselves a doctor.
 
You're joking right? Back in the days physicians had a much better life. Almost universal respect, no mountains of paperwork, EMRs, billing and coding, quality metrics, notes that are pages and pages long with little substance and "documentation experts" telling us to rewrite our notes, insurance company MBAs telling us how to do our jobs, nurses thinking they can do our jobs with an online degree... shall I go on and on? No, back in the day we did one thing and one thing only - take care of patients.
I was referring to medicine as practiced in ancient Greece and China. Up until recently, physicians in the West were actually very poorly regarded- it was not until the late 19th and early 20th century that physicians became practitioners of a prestigious profession, before that they were viewed as butchers you would see as a last resort, just after praying and just before you received the last rites. Even then, physician incomes were not very high- physicians made the equivalent of about $50,000/year in today's dollars until the establishment of Medicare and entrenchment of the insurance industry (which has a very interesting history itself- wage controls were established during WWII, so employers offered non-wage benefits like private health insurance to entice employees). With the ability to charge insurers rather than patients, physicians found they could get much larger sums for their services. Anesthesiologists, for instance, were taking in 700k in 1970s dollars during the golden age of medicine. But that was a very short lived period, as the government caught on and changed payment models to bring skyrocketing physician compensation back down to earth. First this came in the form of fixed payments and then reduced payments, and finally a push for managed care models. But as much as you and I all hate the system and the government, without them we wouldn't have reached the point where we're making the wages we're making. Wage controls and Medicare brought us our riches, and paperwork and regulation was the devil's bargain our forebears made to make that happen.

Learn the history of the profession, of medicine, and of insurance before you hate on what we've got. Because medicine was only good in pay and prestige for approximately 40 years, and the entirety of its history prior was much more bleak.
 
Somebody needs to make sure that there is patient safety. There needs to be regulation of training and practice for this reason.

You can argue with the methods, but no one should desire the pre-Flexner report days when anyone could apprentice with anyone else and call themselves a doctor.
I understand that feeling and wasn't trying to rabbit trail. I was expressing that the current setup isn't really free market so the same self-correcting forces don't really apply.
 
Those who haven't done it, 16 hour days x 6 (averaged, some more some less) rinse and repeat for 9-10 months is terrible. Makes it next to impossible to get two days off in a row on wards. With 24 hour calls you can squeak out two extra half days a week.

This.

I was WAY more fatigued in the long run from only having single days off during my ward rotations than just pushing through on call nights and following them up with post-call days and more golden weekends. My physical and mental health was SOO much better when I took longer shifts with more time off. Intern year under the 16 hour rule meant I never had time to travel for weekends, etc.

-> in short, You all need to listen to what @SouthernSurgeon has to say here. He's been through it and he's right.
 
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I'd like to pause a moment to express that, even where I have strong disagreements with others involved in this conversation, I hold great respect for its participants and I'm grateful that the discussion has been conducted without too much rancor.

And to acknowledge that, while I believe my opinions are unlikely to shift significantly in the future, it is true that some members of the discussion have had more direct experience of things which I am speculating on based on my, admittedly different, experiences. It isn't a weakness to be open to other perspectives.
 
I was referring to medicine as practiced in ancient Greece and China. Up until recently, physicians in the West were actually very poorly regarded- it was not until the late 19th and early 20th century that physicians became practitioners of a prestigious profession, before that they were viewed as butchers you would see as a last resort, just after praying and just before you received the last rites. Even then, physician incomes were not very high- physicians made the equivalent of about $50,000/year in today's dollars until the establishment of Medicare and entrenchment of the insurance industry (which has a very interesting history itself- wage controls were established during WWII, so employers offered non-wage benefits like private health insurance to entice employees). With the ability to charge insurers rather than patients, physicians found they could get much larger sums for their services. Anesthesiologists, for instance, were taking in 700k in 1970s dollars during the golden age of medicine. But that was a very short lived period, as the government caught on and changed payment models to bring skyrocketing physician compensation back down to earth. First this came in the form of fixed payments and then reduced payments, and finally a push for managed care models. But as much as you and I all hate the system and the government, without them we wouldn't have reached the point where we're making the wages we're making. Wage controls and Medicare brought us our riches, and paperwork and regulation was the devil's bargain our forebears made to make that happen.

Learn the history of the profession, of medicine, and of insurance before you hate on what we've got. Because medicine was only good in pay and prestige for approximately 40 years, and the entirety of its history prior was much more bleak.
When you said "back in the day", I didn't realize we were going back into ancient history, lol. I was referring to the 1970s and 80s.
 
It's not really a fair comparison. It wasn't until probably the early 20th century that you had greater than a 50:50 chance of being helped rather than harmed by a physician's intervention. Outside of the very basic surgical procedures (dental extractions and amputations, etc) we didn't have much of substantial benefit to offer patients and little that doctors did was rooted in biology or science as we understand it today.
Still, he made it sound like physicians were always this well respected profession. We didn't really earn much respect until the advent of antibiotics, and didn't earn much money until the proliferation of insurance, which was an accident largely brought on accidentally by government intervention, not design.
 
I'm aware of the history or professions forming guilds and trying ostracize those that don't keep in step. But if your trade is painting and the other painters don't want to talk to me because I didn't jump through the painting guild hoops, I can still paint things. You may choose to not rent gallery space to me from the guild but I can still ply my trade.

Govt lets, quite literally with threat of force and prison, the medical boards decide who gets to be banned. In this regard the medical boards (and by extension the residency and school process) are just outsourced govt. So it's not a matter of free market as long as the govt enforces the decisions of the medical boards/aamc/etc.
Except you couldn't really go out and practice independently because guilds often controlled the supplies and knowledge with which one would do their job, or would contract out to those who could make such equipment with the understanding that only they would be supplied with it in exchange for the business of the whole guild. That's why there are few instances of successfully competing guilds throughout history- to compete either required one to make everything necessary for their profession themselves, resulting in an inferior product, or would have to form a group large enough from the outset to outbud the guild in supply acquisition, which was all but impossible in most situations.
 
Except you couldn't really go out and practice independently because guilds often controlled the supplies and knowledge with which one would do their job, or would contract out to those who could make such equipment with the understanding that only they would be supplied with it in exchange for the business of the whole guild. That's why there are few instances of successfully competing guilds throughout history- to compete either required one to make everything necessary for their profession themselves, resulting in an inferior product, or would have to form a group large enough from the outset to outbud the guild in supply acquisition, which was all but impossible in most situations.
but the guild couldn't get me arrested for plying my trade if I left the guild....I feel we're rabbit trailing here
 
24 is doable, in the right situations. That fresh intern is key. The intern is the one who generally gets most of the pages, has to do a lot of the running to preview situations before sending the ones that actually require attention up the chain.

The ideal on a 24 hours shift is that if there is a chance to nap, the doctor will take it, so that a 24 hour shift might actually involve a critical hour or two of rest somewhere within it. On certain services at the right facilities, it might mean getting almost a full night's sleep in a call room, with maybe just an interruption or two. So a 24 hour shift is doable in those situations. Heck, 36 or 48 becomes doable if there are genuinely enough rest periods within them.

So, that is the issue with extending 24 hours to intern year. They are taking the person who is almost certainly guaranteed not to get a minute of rest, and whose clinical judgment is least developed to begin with, and making sure that they are maximally fatigued. This will make intern year more hell than it needs to be, and will harm patients. As you say above, there are ways to resolve the problems with 16 hour shifts other than expanding them to 24 (plus 4 extra.)

I hope everyone who cares about this takes a moment to provide their commentary to the ACGME.
Except they already studied the issue in depth for several years, and it didn't result in more harm to patients and most of the residents liked the 24 hour shifts better than the 16 hour ones. http://www.jhcct.org/icompare/default.asp
 
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