Never get 2.5x. Never. They're a waste of money. All the sales rep. want to convince you to buy them because in about a month, you'll be itching for higher magnification, at least 3.5x. Then you'll either return the 2.5x or be suckered into buying another pair of loupes at higher magnification. They're trying to make more money off of you. Don't buy into their BS about needing 2.5x in order to get used to wearing loupes. BS! You only need about an hour of working on a mannequin to get used to any magnification. You also need a light for magnifications greater than 3.0x. A loupe and light package might be the best deal. Aftermarket loupe lights are Ultralight and Lumadent.
I prefer through the lens loupes because they're sturdier with less mechanical movement and less chance of breaking, they're lighter, and they're closer to your eyes, giving you a larger image. If you're going to get through the lens, you need a frame that is large enough for you to look over the cylinders in order to look at the patient using normal vision. That means sporty frames won't cut it. The plastic sporty frames also won't hold onto large 3.5x cylinders as well and cannot be fitted with sharpest angle of declination. Sporty frames will also warp when you tighten the headband tight enough and do not provide enough eye or face protection for my comfort. The sporty frames didn't seem like they would hold up to the duration of my career. On the other hand, I've heard dentists who bought DFV's yeoman frame in the 70's are still using the same pair today. Whatever you do, get the sharpest angle of declination because it'll force you to have good ergonomic habits. Save your back and neck! They'll figure out your working distance and interpupillary lengths for you.
If you're an optics fanatic, Zeiss and Heine loupe lenses are considered the best. However, they only come in flip up frames, which I dislike. They're also the most expensive and come in limited working distances. Heine and Zeiss are both sold by Henry Schein and in my area, they do not have sales representatives regularly come to my school in case my loupes need adjustment, be returned, be delivered to me, etc.
You can't go wrong with Designs for Vision 3.5x expanded field on the Yeoman frames with their loupe and light package. If you don't want to think about loupes and read reviews too much, DFV 3.5x expanded field on Yeoman frame is good choice. The frame is aluminum and both the cylinder and frame are large. They can be kind of heavy but the trick is to tie the included headband tightly around your head and rest the nose pads of your glasses on your mask's metal nose band. This takes the weight off your nose and distributes it around your head. Both Orascoptic and Surgitel have comparable large, metal (titanium) frames but I liked DFV's lifetime warranty on their frames. Orascoptic and Surgitel also advertise their magnifications higher than they really are so take that into consideration. Of the three, I like Orascoptic's lenses the best. Surgitel sells the best light right now. I've read DFV had the best customer service and I have to agree with them. My loupes were scheduled to be delivered in a couple days but since I had a practical on the day before the scheduled delivery, I called them up, explained the situation, and they expedited the shipment at no extra cost. This brings up the problem with getting aftermarket loupes from Ultralight or Lumadent. If Ultralight's light needs to get fixed, you'd have to send it to California. You'd have to send Lumadent back to Nevada. Depending on where you live, this could suck. Buying the loupe and light package from either DFV, Orascoptic, or Surgitel makes it convenient to have a sales representative who regularly comes to your school, in case your light or battery breaks down.
There are two types of lenses: Galilean and prism (expanded field). Always get prism (expanded field) lenses. They're larger and more expensive but they give you a wider field of view than the Galilean (all 2.5x are Galilean). For general dentistry, being able to see at least half an arch is sufficient. A full arch is best. With DFV 3.5x expanded field and Orascoptic's 4.3x, I could see the whole arch.
Remember, you're using loupes everyday, for the rest of your career. This is not something you want to skimp on.