MAC Makes Me Scared

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Endee

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So at the end of last semester and the beginning of this one, we've been practicing cases that would call for monitored anesthesia care...

These cases make me more nervous during lab simulations compared to general anesthesia cases. It feels like just as many things can go wrong and you are less prepared to immediately handle them.

What are the most common procedures that you all do under MAC? I've been reading Jaffe about all the different kinds that might call for it, but I'm curious as to which are the most common.

How often do things get complicated during your MAC cases? Seems like the most likely thing would be to lose the airway. If that happens, what is your typical intervention? Intubate to secure the airway first? Stick an LMA in if there wasn't one in already? I'm not worried about my ability to perform a MAC so much as what could possibly go wrong during one.

Last question is, how deep do you keep your patients? Does it depend on the case? We've also discussed Ketamine a lot in the context of MAC cases. Do you use it?

Thanks.

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Colonoscopies, EGDs, cystoscopies, D&Cs, and permacath placements probably make up 90% of the MACs I do. Any case that doesn't involve a secured airway and relies on a spontaneously breathing patient needs a more deft touch. I think a good MAC where the patient is oblivious and comfortable yet wakes up briskly is harder than a straightforward GA.

As for depth, it depends on the patient and the procedure. When I do a D&C on a healthy young woman it's usually pretty heavy handed. The sick old guy getting a tunnelled dialysis catheter might get 30 mg of propofol and 100 of alfentanil and whatever local the surgeon gives.

Ketamine is a great drug.
 
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Colonoscopies, EGDs, cystoscopies, D&Cs, and permacath placements probably make up 90% of the MACs I do. Any case that doesn't involve a secured airway and relies on a spontaneously breathing patient needs a more deft touch. I think a good MAC where the patient is oblivious and comfortable yet wakes up briskly is harder than a straightforward GA.
👍

Patients even recognize this. Had one recently who was upset when the anesthesiologist tried to talk her into a GA, even after she and I had agreed upon MAC in the office. Her exact words, "I think he wanted me to have general because its easier for him." Knowing this guy (who spends a lot of time walking in and out of the room), I don't doubt it.

IMHO, a good MAC is nice for the patients and harder for residents and less experienced "providers" to do. I work in hospitals without residents and CRNAs and have no problem with it; lots of guys with the deft touch (the afore-mentioned guy is at 1 hospital with "house" anesthesia; a group I don't much care for, so I don't operate there a lot).
 
So at the end of last semester and the beginning of this one, we've been practicing cases that would call for monitored anesthesia care...

These cases make me more nervous during lab simulations compared to general anesthesia cases. It feels like just as many things can go wrong and you are less prepared to immediately handle them.

What are the most common procedures that you all do under MAC? I've been reading Jaffe about all the different kinds that might call for it, but I'm curious as to which are the most common.

How often do things get complicated during your MAC cases? Seems like the most likely thing would be to lose the airway. If that happens, what is your typical intervention? Intubate to secure the airway first? Stick an LMA in if there wasn't one in already? I'm not worried about my ability to perform a MAC so much as what could possibly go wrong during one.

Last question is, how deep do you keep your patients? Does it depend on the case? We've also discussed Ketamine a lot in the context of MAC cases. Do you use it?

Thanks.

A lot of people have done more MACs than I have, but I'll try to answer for you.

Things get complicated less and less often as you get more experience and are better at balancing too much sedation/apnea with too little sedation/movement, yelling, etc. The surgeons understanding of a MAC and ability to give adequate local anesthetic make a big difference.

When the patient goes apneic, there's no need to freak out. Usually some jaw thrust/pain will get them breathing. If not, a nasal airway might do the trick. Last resort is usually to bag for a minute. I haven't ever put in an LMA.

The worst cases are those without airway access (EGD) because you're choices are obviously very limited. After nasal airway and/or jaw thrust comes having the endoscopist pull the scope out so you can bag which is obviously NOT what you want to have happen.

The other main source of problems in my experience is when you are expected to control pain during the MAC. The surgeon should be controlling pain with local during most MACs, but that isn't necessarily the way it goes down. That's why ketamine and dexmedetomidine are great; sedation and pain control without apnea.
 
Although you obviously don't think that particular anesthesiologist was good enough it is always better to be flexible when you tell the patient what form of anesthesia to expect.
There are many factors that could interfere with the decision to use a certain technique and many times you might not see things the way the anesthesiologist sees them on the day of surgery.
I also hope you realize that many cases that are called MAC are in reality GA without airway instrumentation.

👍

Patients even recognize this. Had one recently who was upset when the anesthesiologist tried to talk her into a GA, even after she and I had agreed upon MAC in the office. Her exact words, "I think he wanted me to have general because its easier for him." Knowing this guy (who spends a lot of time walking in and out of the room), I don't doubt it.

IMHO, a good MAC is nice for the patients and harder for residents and less experienced "providers" to do. I work in hospitals without residents and CRNAs and have no problem with it; lots of guys with the deft touch (the afore-mentioned guy is at 1 hospital with "house" anesthesia; a group I don't much care for, so I don't operate there a lot).
 
Although you obviously don't think that particular anesthesiologist was good enough it is always better to be flexible when you tell the patient what form of anesthesia to expect.
There are many factors that could interfere with the decision to use a certain technique and many times you might not see things the way the anesthesiologist sees them on the day of surgery.

Sure. I tell every patient that there are 3 options pure local, MAC and general. I explain for which cases I am comfortable doing the first two and which may require the latter but I go on to say that we will discuss with the anesthesiologist on the day of surgery which is the best technique for YOU. That way they know I am flexible, that it will be a joint decision with their wishes heard but that the final decision is up to the anesthesiologist and what they feel is safest and that there is no one right way for everyone.

Generally I defer to the wishes of you guys, because you are the experts. I only ask two things: no Toradol for post op pain and that the patient is not "helping" me during the operation (ie, no hands under the drapes). Three things: we compromise on the music if you don't like what's on my IPod.

What I objected to in the scenario I described was that the patient was upset because she was not even offered MAC, even after she and I discussed it. Knowing this particular provider, I have no doubt that he did not listen to the patient's wishes because once I discussed it with him, he was comfortable doing MAC. I've worked with him enough to know that there are problems.

I also hope you realize that many cases that are called MAC are in reality GA without airway instrumentation.

Yep I do realize that. Some of those patients are so deep, being bagged all through the case that it IS basically GA without a tube.🙂
 
although you obviously don't think that particular anesthesiologist was good enough it is always better to be flexible when you tell the patient what form of anesthesia to expect.
There are many factors that could interfere with the decision to use a certain technique and many times you might not see things the way the anesthesiologist sees them on the day of surgery.
I also hope you realize that many cases that are called mac are in reality ga without airway instrumentation.



+1
 
Sure. I tell every patient that there are 3 options pure local, MAC and general. I explain for which cases I am comfortable doing the first two and which may require the latter but I go on to say that we will discuss with the anesthesiologist on the day of surgery which is the best technique for YOU. That way they know I am flexible, that it will be a joint decision with their wishes heard but that the final decision is up to the anesthesiologist and what they feel is safest and that there is no one right way for everyone.

Generally I defer to the wishes of you guys, because you are the experts. I only ask two things: no Toradol for post op pain and that the patient is not "helping" me during the operation (ie, no hands under the drapes). Three things: we compromise on the music if you don't like what's on my IPod.

What I objected to in the scenario I described was that the patient was upset because she was not even offered MAC, even after she and I discussed it. Knowing this particular provider, I have no doubt that he did not listen to the patient's wishes because once I discussed it with him, he was comfortable doing MAC. I've worked with him enough to know that there are problems.


You are not an anesthesiologist, or are you?

So how can YOU discuss the anesthesia choice with a patient if it is not even your area of expertise? Pt's wishes are important but both the pt and you have to realize that there are numerous situations when MAC is not indicated/unsafe ...as is toradol for your pts 😉
 
I actually do find it helpful sometimes when the surgeon has discussed anesthesia with the patient. Not when the patient is promised something the anesthesiologist cannot deliver, but when they tell the patient something vague like "usually I use a lot of local and we do it awake" or "you have to be asleep for this."

This gives me some expectations to work with, an idea of how complex the surgical procedure will be if I haven't had the chance to speak with the surgeon ahead of time, and still allows room to correct any misconceptions.
 
I agree that it is really helpful if the surgeon explains the anesthetic options to the patient, especially in private practice where we usually don't see the patient until the day of surgery, but this also requires good communication between the surgeon and the anesthesia team which is not always the case.
When the surgeon is not certain what the anesthesiologist's plan is going to be, it would be better for everyone if the discussion covers all the possible options without prejudice towards any specific plan.



I actually do find it helpful sometimes when the surgeon has discussed anesthesia with the patient. Not when the patient is promised something the anesthesiologist cannot deliver, but when they tell the patient something vague like "usually I use a lot of local and we do it awake" or "you have to be asleep for this."

This gives me some expectations to work with, an idea of how complex the surgical procedure will be if I haven't had the chance to speak with the surgeon ahead of time, and still allows room to correct any misconceptions.
 
Sure. I tell every patient that there are 3 options pure local, MAC and general. I explain for which cases I am comfortable doing the first two and which may require the latter but I go on to say that we will discuss with the anesthesiologist on the day of surgery which is the best technique for YOU. That way they know I am flexible, that it will be a joint decision with their wishes heard but that the final decision is up to the anesthesiologist and what they feel is safest and that there is no one right way for everyone.

Generally I defer to the wishes of you guys, because you are the experts. I only ask two things: no Toradol for post op pain and that the patient is not "helping" me during the operation (ie, no hands under the drapes). Three things: we compromise on the music if you don't like what's on my IPod.

Surgeons and NSAIDs....sigh (alright, ketorolac dose inhibit platelet function, but we're using parecoxib which doesn't and we still can't get some surgeons to agree to it....some of the sneaky consultants just give it anyway).

Quick clarification (cause this thread had me wondering why minimum alveolar conc was so scary): MAC = sedation +/- local?

I've had sedation cases change massively the instant the IV went in - one yesterday for intralesional steroid injection to hypertrophic scar in a 70yo- thought I'd just run a little propfol infusion + some fentanyl. That was fine until she screamed and cried over the 22G IV. So she got about 90mg of propofol in the first few minutes to just knock her down.
 
MAC= Monitored Anesthesia Care
It used to mean minimal sedation and just standing by but now it means any type of anesthetic that does not involve airway instrumentation.
The reason why surgeons like it is because it makes them feel great about their surgical technique and they think that as long as the patient does need a tube then their surgery must be so smooth that it does not cause pain!


Quick clarification (cause this thread had me wondering why minimum alveolar conc was so scary): MAC = sedation +/- local?
 
MAC= Monitored Anesthesia Care
It used to mean minimal sedation and just standing by but now it means any type of anesthetic that does not involve airway instrumentation.
The reason why surgeons like it is because it makes them feel great about their surgical technique and they think that as long as the patient does need a tube then their surgery must be so smooth that it does not cause pain!

I chart that as a general anesthetic. Another reason surgeons like it is that there's no emergence period or extubation and a perceived faster turnover time. But, if you know what you're doing, there's no emergence time wasted anyway.
 
You are not an anesthesiologist, or are you?

So how can YOU discuss the anesthesia choice with a patient if it is not even your area of expertise? Pt's wishes are important but both the pt and you have to realize that there are numerous situations when MAC is not indicated/unsafe ...as is toradol for your pts 😉

Nope, not an anesthesiologist and it would be the height of arrogance for me to assume I know best about anesthesia and airway management. I'm sorry if I gave that impression but...

I actually do find it helpful sometimes when the surgeon has discussed anesthesia with the patient. Not when the patient is promised something the anesthesiologist cannot deliver, but when they tell the patient something vague like "usually I use a lot of local and we do it awake" or "you have to be asleep for this."

This gives me some expectations to work with, an idea of how complex the surgical procedure will be if I haven't had the chance to speak with the surgeon ahead of time, and still allows room to correct any misconceptions.

I agree that it is really helpful if the surgeon explains the anesthetic options to the patient, especially in private practice where we usually don't see the patient until the day of surgery, but this also requires good communication between the surgeon and the anesthesia team which is not always the case.
When the surgeon is not certain what the anesthesiologist's plan is going to be, it would be better for everyone if the discussion covers all the possible options without prejudice towards any specific plan.

THIS is what I do in private practice. Patients ASK what the options are when we are discussing surgery. They WANT to know my opinion about what's usually done and it offers me the opportunity to correct some misconceptions about anesthesia. However, I ALWAYS preface it with the statement that the decision is up to the anesthesiologist as to what's safest and the best choice and that I defer to them on that.

In PP, as Plank notes, there is no pre-op clinic where patients are seen and evaluated by anesthesia. They are seen right before the case. I use the same group at every hospital I go to save one, and these guys are friends of mine. We socialize together, talk about cases and I have no problem picking up the cell and calling if I need advice/information, etc. It HAS to be a team approach. I know they like knowing what the patient's preferences are, what kind of case I'm doing, the expected length, blood loss, etc. and they know that I trust them to do what's right and safe for the patient. This is not about me as the surgeon deciding what anesthesia to provide to them.

Surgeons and NSAIDs....sigh (alright, ketorolac dose inhibit platelet function, but we're using parecoxib which doesn't and we still can't get some surgeons to agree to it....some of the sneaky consultants just give it anyway).

Yes, unfortunately there's a lot of voodoo in medicine rather than EBM and surgeons can be resistant to change. However, as you note ketorolac does inhibit PLTs and unfortunately, I've had to take back a couple of patients for bleeding and the only thing different between them and anyone else was the use of Toradol. It may be voodoo/presumption but my cases aren't particularly painful, there's a lot of places little bleeders can hide in the fat and when you can avoid even the small possibility that the Toradol contributes to any post-operative bleeding, why wouldn't you? Its just the right thing to do for the patient to avoid the possibility of coming back to the OR for hematoma evacuation. I can't help but see no difference in post op pain +/- ketorolac frankly.


MAC= Monitored Anesthesia Care
It used to mean minimal sedation and just standing by but now it means any type of anesthetic that does not involve airway instrumentation.
The reason why surgeons like it is because it makes them feel great about their surgical technique and they think that as long as the patient does need a tube then their surgery must be so smooth that it does not cause pain!

Eh...my ego doesn't depend on the type of anesthesia. Patients never complain about post-op pain or what their scar looks like. They complain about stuff that sometimes doesn't even involve me (ie, nurses mean, tape burn from dressing, couldn't find parking at surgery center, sore throat from tube, PONV).🙄 So to make my life easier, I try to cut down on complaints where I can.

The reason I like MAC (which yes, any type of anesthetic which does not involve a tube) is not because the patients think they have less pain but because I don't have to hear the afore-mentioned complaints about sore throat and how quickly they got home after surgery!
 
So what is the line between a heavily sedated MAC case and a GETA? What kind of cases? What kind of patients?

I wonder if there is a significant amount of time and therefore money being lost (as a nationwide aggregate) because of people being routinely intubated for GA's when they could have maintained spontaneous ventilation without an ETT.
 
So what is the line between a heavily sedated MAC case and a GETA? What kind of cases? What kind of patients?

I wonder if there is a significant amount of time and therefore money being lost (as a nationwide aggregate) because of people being routinely intubated for GA's when they could have maintained spontaneous ventilation without an ETT.

Not much and the line is blurred frequently. Some folks like to call it a RAG - room air general. GETA by definition has an ET tube in place.

If the provider is decent and can put the pt. to sleep and wake them up in a timely fashion then a strightforward general shouldn't affect time too much. On the other hand sedating the wrong pt. can definitely have an effect on work flow.
 
Not much and the line is blurred frequently. Some folks like to call it a RAG - room air general. GETA by definition has an ET tube in place.

Right, so my question is what is/are the factors that take you from "we can do this as a heavily sedated MAC or 'room air general'" to "we need to intubate this patient"? Specifically what factors might cause someone to make this choice in a patient that is ASA 1 or ASA 2 and has no severe comorbidities that require a ventilator?
 
The presence of an ETT does not necessarily prohibit spontaneous ventilation!
In other words: it is absolutely possible to intubate a patient and do an anesthetic with the patient breathing spontaneously.
In order to explain to you why you should or should not do that I need to teach you almost half the medical specialty of Anesthesiology, so since I can't do that here I suggest that you just take our word for it.


Right, so my question is what is/are the factors that take you from "we can do this as a heavily sedated MAC or 'room air general'" to "we need to intubate this patient"? Specifically what factors might cause someone to make this choice in a patient that is ASA 1 or ASA 2 and has no severe comorbidities that require a ventilator?
 
we do GA sans tube here often. for ortho case plus spinal its usually straight propofol but i like to have a little extra versed around if they dont nap enough or talk too much rather than bolus too much propofol. hasn't even gone bad for me yet but i am just a ca-1 whos done one months worth of these cases.
for ambulatory cases we use propofol alfentanil infusion w a mac safe nasal cannula. i always have the lma nearby but didn't have to use it once in my ambulatory month. nothing a little chin lift wouldnt fix... at least so far.
 
Right, so my question is what is/are the factors that take you from "we can do this as a heavily sedated MAC or 'room air general'" to "we need to intubate this patient"? Specifically what factors might cause someone to make this choice in a patient that is ASA 1 or ASA 2 and has no severe comorbidities that require a ventilator?

No easy answer, as others have said it depends on a number of factors and is situation and operator dependent.
 
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