For General Chemistry, which we will leave for another day, there aren't as many, but I would say include Planck's formula, a recognition of the Bohr equation, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the basic equations of stoichiometry, such as the definition of a mole, Thermochemistry like enthalpy change, heats of fusion, etc, and the main equations of Chemical Thermodynamics especially Gibbs Free Energy, equilibrium constants and the relationship between equilibrium constant and free energy change. In chemical kinetics you need to understand the rate equation and the equation relating rate constant and temperature. For solution chemistry, you need the concentration expressions, colligative properties such as Rault's Law and boiling point elevation. For acid - base you need the formula for pH, the acid-base equilibrium constant, and the Henderson - Hasselbach equation. For redox and electrochemistry, the Nernst equation.