You have to consider that residents are extra clumsy and have most of the complications. Ie., dropped the central line wire, opened the wrong kit, dropped the spinal needle, opened 3 drugs that will never be used for the case, put 3 BIS stickers on same patient, let the vaporizer run dry and then push 5 of versed hoping there is no awareness, dislodged arytenoid during intubation....
An old anesthesiologist I know says that once they got rid of the residents in his hospital the complications became very rare.
If government were not involved in fixing resident salaries, we would know the real market value of a resident.