many residents who want to practice in the community do electrophysiology or epilepsy fellowships.
other possible fellowships include sleep, behavioral, movement disorders, stroke, neuromuscular, ms, dementia.
last year's class of six graduating residents from my program: 2 went on to do fellowships (one in neuromuscular, one in behavorial - both want to remain in the academic realm). the other 4 wents straight into practice. our program really prepares its residents well. as a result, residents who know that they want to enter practice don't find it neccessary to do a fellowship.