Energy girl:
Yup, it's really that easy. Many attendings (particularly ones that publish anyway) typically have dozens of cases they'd "love to write up if they had the time." I have two publications (which are combination of case series and bench research) in press right now, and a third in review. I have been working on them for ~1 1/2 years...but the actually dedicated work only took a few months...even presented one of them in Cambridge UK. I'm first author on all 3.
How? I knew I wanted to publish so I found a pathologist (my field of interest) who was actively publishing. (Has a good name in the field, published >100 articles himself.) He had some project ditzels that "love to write up, but...blah blah blah." So I took them over, wrote them up, sent them off, cried when I got them back with the standard "we'll publish 'em but we hate everything about them so re-write them entirely", rewrote them, now they are in press.
My "research" background: Art school prior to med school. I think ambition is key. Pick a field first. Then figure out which attendings are into research. Track down the type of papers they publish on medline. E-mail them your interest in pursuing a managable small publishable project, inquire about authorship (so many I know have been screwed.)
I feel its our responsibility to further medical science, even if we aren't predominantly researchers...share your knowledge!
Mindy