In smaller fields like surg onc, letters of recommendation are very important. Do some research and find out which programs are sending people to surg onc fellowships consistently. Chances are there is a well-connected surg onc division at that program.
While research, and university training are not necessary, they are very helpful qualifications to have. I don't think anyone is saying that community program training will eliminate one's chances to match in a competitive fellowship. However, university training often affords more opportunity for research, and offers the chance to work with more influential surgeons.
Lenox hospital has a good rep, and the residents do rotations at some of the big NYC academic programs (Cornell, NYU, MSKCC). It is not the typical community program. Also, some community programs are considered "community/research" programs which may offer better opportunity for the fellowship minded resident. Also mentioned was Abington, PA's general surgery program as a good place to train for those interested in surg. onc, however they have sent only
4 residents to surg. onc. in the last 20 years. That hardly qualifies as "consistently" sending residents into surg onc.
Ultimately, any applicant considering both community program training, and fellowship training would be well-advised to research the community programs thoroughly and identify ones that have a track record of sending their residents into competitve fellowships.