I'm an osteopathic student so I will honestly reply to your questions.
1. do medical students in allopathic schools consider the osteopathic school counterparts of the same caliber as their allopathic peers?
Medical students don't consider their osteopathic counterparts to be of the same calibre. However, allopathic residents and practicing physicians especially in the primary care fields respect their osteopathic counterparts and see no real distinction. There are exceptions like older physicians who trained in the 60's and 70's, a time when DO's were not as prevalent as today. Medical students and pre-meds look down upon DO's because they haven't had the opportunity to work with them. So the only real contact they had with DO's are as pre-meds. Every allopathic pre-med remembers their friend who had the same GPA they did but didn't score well on the MCAT. So there is that elitist attitude. They feel they aren't the same calibre since they had lower entrance stats. Not all DO's are MD rejected applicants but I would the majority of them are. Of course to us, we could care less what MD's think. We are still doctors in the public's eye.
2. i also recently heard an osteopathic student state that he was going to medical school but i found out that it's actually an osteopath school, is there not a big difference between med school and this other type of osteopath med school?
Osteopathic school is medical school just like allopathic school is medical school. It may be an osteopathic medical school but it is still a medical school. And according to national and state charters DO's are recognized as physicians practicing medicine. DO's aren't recognized as MD's but they are recognized as physicians. Hope that clarified that.
We get the same training as allopathic students in medical school with the additional training of OMM. There are only a few set residencies DO's are limited from. Neurosurgery, radiation oncology, urology, academic medcine, and opthalmology are tough frields for us to enter. Yes, we might be limited to many other ALLOPATHIC residencies. However, DO's have their own residencies in these specialized fields, and allopathic students are prohibited from applying to them. DO's, on the other hand, can apply to both allopathic and osteopathic residencies. This gives DO's an edge in fields like Derm, Ortho surgery and ENT because we only have to compete with students from 20 schools for those spots.
Regarding other fields like anesthesiology, emergency medicine, radiology, general surgery, PM&R and pathology aren't difficult for DO's to enter because allopathic residencies accept them. However, allopathic residencies almost never accept DO's into dermatology, neurosurgery, integrated plastics, ENT and opthalmology. So if your cousin wants to go into one of these fields, it's best she enter an allopathic school. However, keep in mind that most allopathic students let alone osteopathic medical students have a near impossible time matching for these fields too. So, it's not like she will have a big advantage by attending an allopathic school too.
You also have to consider the competition factors. She will be competing against a better calibre student in an allopathic field. For example, I currently have a high class rank and I have a good chance of specializing in a very selective filed. Had I gone to an allopathic school, I don't know if I would have maintained the same class rank because of the competition. You never know? My board scores will speak volumes. Board scores are the most important criteria before titles etc. A DO who scores 240 on step 1 will be preferred over an allopathic student who scores 220 provide this student didn't attend a prestigious medical school like Harvard. Overall, the fear about osteopaths not specializing is a myth and one that I currently laugh especially if I match into my selective surgical field.
3.) I am especially curious as to how med students view osteopath students b/c do they not all work in the same hospital?
Most DO's do work alongside MD's during residency. Again, this is another pre-med myth. Not all DO's do this since many elect or are forced to doing osteopathic residecny. But the MAJORITY of DO's match allopathic residencies.
My advice would be this. If she didn't get into any allopathic school and only one DO school, she should go to the DO school. She can still specialize in many fields. But if she has wanted to be a neurosurgeon, opthalmologist, researcher, academic physician, urologist or radiation oncologist her whole life and can't settle for any other field, she should go to an allopathic medical school hands down.
I will admit this though. If it came down to attending an MD school in a backward state or crappy location, I would attend a DO school in a nice location like Phoenix if primary care was my main goal.. I would much rather be happier in medical school than stuck in some school in BFE with weird classmates. You all know what MD schools I'm talking about. And if you are doing primary care, it doesn't matter if you attend a DO school since there is practically no difference if when trying to match.