That's a little bit of a difficult question for being somewhat broad and for the fact that some of the physiology is the same and some different. But if I were to narrow down to some suggestions: drug pharmacokinetics/dynamics is definitely different all along the age spectrum; unfortunately I don't know of a concise review of that rather broad topic. There is a "handbook" on cardiovascular drugs in children, however more that CV drugs are used in kids.
A major, and somewhat more defined, focus of childhood physiology could be the changes from fetal to post-natal (and subsequent) circulation. One good review of this would be some of the first chapters in Rudolph's "Congenital Diseases of the Heart". FYI Ch 1 of this book is the sample section in the Kindle store (relevant for anyone with a Kindle or iPhone/iPod Touch [since there is a Kindle app]).