In school I was taught to max use them 5 times, but I would imagine that it depends on how many times you use a file in a canal and how many canals per tooth. In practice, I use mine max 3 times, but on average throw them away after the second case. Missing out on $800-1200 due to separation because you want to use a set of files one more time to save $50 is just plain stupid.
The reps will tell you to only use them once, but they want to sell you lots of files 🙂