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Malcolm Gladwell has some interesting theories in one of his books (Outliers, I think) about the achievement differences seen between different cultures. His theory is that rice farming cultures are much better suited to modern life than other agrarian bases. Rice farming apparently has a pretty predictable relationship between work invested and crop yield. As such, places that grow rice developed a cultural ethic of hard work and individual responsibility. Most other ways of finding food are subject to outside forces that can overwhelm the most industrious farmer or gatherer - hence less emphasis on the sort of values that happen to be useful in 21st century technological societies.

