I've only been practicing a year, so I'm probably not a good person to ask. Maybe one of the longer-time vets has thoughts. But...
I always recommend the work-up/therapy I feel is indicated. Partly because that's my job - to offer gold-standard medicine - and partly because you shouldn't ever make assumptions about which clients will pay and which won't. If they decline your recommendations, then sure - you start trying to come up with a way to be most efficient in caring for the animal. But yes, fresh out of school I think a lot of people feel intimidated giving big estimates to clients. You get over it.
A lot of times rejection can be frustrating. The classic gripe in vet med - you make all the recommendations, and they decline it all and ask for something stupid. It happens every day. Meh.
But sometimes it can be freeing, too. It can be pretty cool to work with owners who you know are TRYING to do their best - they just don't have the money. Sometimes that frees you up to focus on what you
think is the problem rather than rule out the million other things that
might be - but probably aren't. When you're right, it can be really satisfying because you just helped a sick animal AND managed to do it cost-effectively for a client who valued your service but just couldn't pay. When you're wrong ... well, you did your best with the limitations you had. Example, I had a cat a few months back that ingested a shoelace and had been vomiting ever since. Sent over to me from a GP, who requested scoping to avoid surgery. Typically, I'd do things like re-radiograph it (to make sure there's still something in the stomach to grab), do pre-anesth bloodwork, etc. No way this lady could afford all that plus scope. We talked over the risks, the possibility of a negative scope, the chance that I wouldn't be able to get it out, etc., and went ahead with it. When I came out to show her the shoelace, she was crying and hugging me. A few days later she called to say her cat was doing fantastic. How awesome is that? She didn't gripe about the cost one bit - she just acknowledged she couldn't afford much, understood the risks associated with that, and wanted us to do what we could. Love those clients.
My basic rule of grumpy clients is this: Never. Ever. Ever. Under any circumstances. cut a break for clients that bitch about the cost. Not ever. They are the clients that won't be grateful for it, and on top of it you've basically just validated their gripe that your prices are overcharged. Nope. The only people I ever cut some corners with are the people that don't give me a word of grief about the cost, who pull out their cell phones and start calling everyone they know looking for help. Those types. The ones who make it obvious from their actions that they understand that their pet's care is their burden financially. I love to find ways to help them out.
At the end of the day, you have to remember that you can't take final responsibility for the patient. It isn't your pet. It isn't even your job. Your job is just to offer medical advice and therapy. It's up to an owner to take it. And if they don't ... shrug ... you do your best and move on to the next one. We all bitch about the PITA clients (including me - just ask
@dyachei ), but at the end of the day you should try and focus on the good clients or you'll burn yourself out.