Rhabdomyolysis & Risperidone

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zenman

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46 yr old male schizophrenic, HIV, Hx ETOH abuse came in from jail with agitation which began several days earlier. CK was 1,016 now down to 672 couple days later. Was on Risperdal 50 mg consta plus Risperidone 2 mg BID for years. VS normal, no muscle rigidity, no statins. Pt hydrated. LP attempted x 3 with no success. Mental status not clearing. What do you think?
 
46 yr old male schizophrenic, HIV, Hx ETOH abuse came in from jail with agitation which began several days earlier. CK was 1,016 now down to 672 couple days later. Was on Risperdal 50 mg consta plus Risperidone 2 mg BID for years. VS normal, no muscle rigidity, no statins. Pt hydrated. LP attempted x 3 with no success. Mental status not clearing. What do you think?

CK 1000 probably not significant; I wouldn't call this case rhabdo. Would be concerned that patient has some type of HIV-related encephalopathy or infectious viral encephalitis. Needs to be sedated for LP (fluoro-guided). EEG would be helpful, also. Of course, I am sure you are giving thiamine; is he on benzo taper?
 
NMS would be on my radar though given the situation there's too much to consider and the likelihood is extremely low.

A CPK of 1000, as mentioned above, is of concern but exercise could raise it far more than that (though it'd have to be very intense exercise). Just how badly was he agitated and for how long? That itself could explain the CPK of this level.

I remember as a medstudent doing an IM rotation with a resident that was already a neurologist in Europe, but needed to redo residency in the US to practice here, and he made me read several articles on physical activity correlated with CPK levels.
 
Even just single IM injection can cause CPK level in 1000, more over patient was agitated. You did not mention about, if patient received any prn medications or not. I guess patient is not on any Anticholinergic medications. If so, this might be a case of Anticholinergic delirium.

This may not be NMS because....
1. In NMS, CK is typically more than 1000 IU/L and can be as high as 100,000 IU/L.
particularly in the mild to moderate range, is not specific for NMS and is often seen in patients with acute and chronic psychosis due to intramuscular injections and physical restraints, and sometimes without specific explanation.

2.A consistent laboratory finding is leukocytosis, with a white blood cell count typically 10,000 to 40,000/mm3

3. Hyporeflexia

4.Hyperthermia is a defining symptom according to many diagnostic criteria. Temperatures of more than 38ºC are typical (87 percent), but even higher temperatures, greater than 40ºC, are common (40 percent).

5.Autonomic instability typically takes the form of tachycardia (in 88 percent), labile or high blood pressure (in 61 to 77 percent), and tachypnea (in 73 percent) Dysrhythmias may occur.
6. Diaphoresis is often profuse.
 
46 yr old male schizophrenic, HIV, Hx ETOH abuse came in from jail with agitation which began several days earlier. CK was 1,016 now down to 672 couple days later. Was on Risperdal 50 mg consta plus Risperidone 2 mg BID for years. VS normal, no muscle rigidity, no statins. Pt hydrated. LP attempted x 3 with no success. Mental status not clearing. What do you think?

it's not rhabdo. It's not NMS.

That ck is just unimpressive in every way. The average CK I see(I try to avoid getting them actually) from schizophrenic pts who come in a little agitated is probably ~700 or so.

a better question is what do you mean by "agitation". That, and how it relates to mental status in this case, is where the money is at in this case......
 
it's not rhabdo. It's not NMS.

That ck is just unimpressive in every way. The average CK I see(I try to avoid getting them actually) from schizophrenic pts who come in a little agitated is probably ~700 or so.

a better question is what do you mean by "agitation". That, and how it relates to mental status in this case, is where the money is at in this case......

Sorry, I was in a rush. Original CK was 16,000 +. He had to be restrained due to agitation which "resolved" to screaming most of the time...in Portuguese. He was a patient on med/surg floor. Turns out my med director knew him from 4-5 psych admissions and went to see him. She restarted him on Risperidone and initiated admission to state hospital. She said he was at his baseline.
 
Sorry, I was in a rush. Original CK was 16,000 +. He had to be restrained due to agitation which "resolved" to screaming most of the time...in Portuguese. He was a patient on med/surg floor. Turns out my med director knew him from 4-5 psych admissions and went to see him. She restarted him on Risperidone and initiated admission to state hospital. She said he was at his baseline.

yeah the first thing I thought when I heard your description was that this is a gentleman who is likely chronically SMI in the every so often he just decompensates on meds. If he is very agitated(and probably dry because he's so crazy he isn't drinking) a CK of even 16k doesn't have me in a ****storm....just throw a couple bags of fluids in him at that point and knock him down with prns. Honestly, knowing he is a chronically mentally ill gentleman my first reaction was most definately "oh he needs a flouro guided LP".......he needed to chill for a bit in the ER or a medicine floor for a day or so and get some fluids and that CK down. I guess the HIV thing raised everyone's concern more than usual.
 
That's about what happened. I know they dropped 3 bags of fluid in him and kept up the Ativan.
 
Honestly, knowing he is a chronically mentally ill gentleman my first reaction was most definately "oh he needs a flouro guided LP".......he needed to chill for a bit in the ER or a medicine floor for a day or so and get some fluids and that CK down. I guess the HIV thing raised everyone's concern more than usual.

If you are concerned enough to attempt an LP, then you need to obtain CSF- failure is not an option.

With the info that has subsequently been presented, I agree that an LP may not have been necessary
 
If you are concerned enough to attempt an LP, then you need to obtain CSF- failure is not an option.

With the info that has subsequently been presented, I agree that an LP may not have been necessary

well another thing to consider is that sometime in the hours(or even the next day) when the IR guys can "clear the schedule" to fit it in, the clinical picture may have changed and it may no longer be neccessary....

that said, I just dont think there was any indication for an LP to begin with in the above case. When i was in the ER I saw 5 of those cases a week.....
 
well another thing to consider is that sometime in the hours(or even the next day) when the IR guys can "clear the schedule" to fit it in, the clinical picture may have changed and it may no longer be neccessary....

that said, I just dont think there was any indication for an LP to begin with in the above case. When i was in the ER I saw 5 of those cases a week.....

good points
 
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