There is a logistical reality here. Pushing the frontier of a field well requires complete mastery of current knowledge. The wider the scope, the more unlikely one will obtain that mastery and be successful. Therefore, the research demands focus on a handful of closely related problems. As a clinician addressing those problems it makes the most sense, for the sake of medical practice and research, to specialize synergistically. That is, to be most effective one wants to have the most narrow research and practice scopes possible, where these scopes are aligned. There are exceptions, but these exceptions generally have a lot of help or collaboration with full time scientists. Also, it's a bit chicken or the egg. If you are designing and consenting patients for a seizure trial as a neurologist, you will be making a point to see a high load of seizure patients. Before you know it, you will be one of the best docs for seizures pushing the boundaries of the field, but by virtue of clinical volume, will not be as competent in other neurological condition - de facto specialization. High volume academic centers also see enough volume and variety of specific diseases to facilitate this process.
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