
Honestly I was sooo happy with the content of my test. The cars though.... So hard. Harder than any other fl I've taken... by like 20%. Look over the Reddit/r/MCAT thread to see how different tests happened today.
Oh no! My test is next friday and I BARELY covered physics! What do you think I should do for physics from now til then?Took the exam this morning as well!
To everyone who thinks it's not worth it to study physics.... go study physics. There are multiple versions of the exam per test day and my C/P was mostly physics and some biochem
i think they are trolling. never seen anyone emphasize physics. i myself took the mcat in april and thats all I'm saying. the major emphasis for this new test IS BIOCHEM. SO I WOULD KNOW BIOCHEM INSIDE OUTSDIE ALL AROUND AND ALL OF IT. WHATEVER YOU CAN UNDERSTAND OF BIOCHEM JUST DO IT.IM PUTING physics on the back burner but touch on it from time to time. i feel like they are all calculation based and ill get them wrong on the test anywyas.Oh no! My test is next friday and I BARELY covered physics! What do you think I should do for physics from now til then?
troll. not you the person who said physics was on itOh no! My test is next friday and I BARELY covered physics! What do you think I should do for physics from now til then?
I'm not trolling I swear!! I had 3 physics passages + several FSQ's! I'm being honest and just trying to help. It's atypical and unlikely but it could happen and it did happen to me todaytroll. not you the person who said physics was on it

nice job!Only 1 more week guys....
Took NS 4 today: 128/127/129/128=512.... hopefully it means something good? I'd be more than happy with this as my actual score... but that 127 in CARS seems just out of reach...
Hope everyone's studying is going well!
Just sit back and enjoy your well deserved relaxation. I have no doubt you did very well on the exam. 🙂so... just sitting around waiting for the next 32 days...
Looked up two 50/50 questions I had. +1/-1. Changed a right answer to wrong at the last second. I'm not going to look up any more I remember haha.
.... hopefully it means something good? I'd be more than happy with this as my actual score...
I think the pluses and minuses mean like homozygous recessive, heterozygous, and homozygous dominant (respectively) in the context of alleles, but the meaning could vary between passages. +/- would just be like an intermediate between -/- and +/+Do you guys know what terms like: "-/-, +/-, bp, start sites" mean? I've especially been seeing -/- and +/- and +/+ a lot and do not understand what they mean. Thanks in advance!
Taking my AAMC FL tomorrow too! (Although I already took it wayyy back in May when I started my prep)Time to take the AAMC FL tomorrow... So nervous. Aiyahhhh!!
How's everyone doing who's taking the test on the 11/12th? Nervous? Burning out? Losing motivation? Scared? Confident af?
Oh jeez, I was thinking you had already taken the exam and were still taking practice FLs to gauge your score... I was like, that is some next-level pre-med neuroticism! Anyway, sounds like you're on track for a great score to me! 🙂
With a week left, I'd skip the Kaplan fl. You've taken enough to know timing. I would spend the time thoroughly going over the aamc og and fl (I got an entire passage on the real thing right because I spent 20 minutes going over one question on one of those a few days earlier), weak areas over, and RELAXING.
Don't study the last day. Get a good night of sleep. I laid in bed for an hour before I fell asleep but that's alright if you give yourself a ton of time the night before.
Go in there knowing you have gave it your best effort. Don't think about prior sections as you move through it.
My mantra was "the answer is on the test." It's multiple choice, so even if you select a random guess, you still have a chance of getting it right.
Very simply, hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of blood against the vessel wall during blood flow. This force causes blood to seep out of the vessel.
I don't have EK, but blood flow in the cardiovascular system definitely does not follow bernoulli's equation.
I won't go into the math of it or an in depth explanation of Bernoulli's equation because it's not MCAT relevant. Therefore, some of the things I will say are gross oversimplifications but do lend a superficial understanding of how this concept applies to the cardiovascular system. Bernoulli's principle basically states that when the velocity of of a fluid through a tube increases, the pressure (more specifically, what is known as the fluid's 'gravitational potential energy') decreases. That is pressure and kinetic energy are 'traded' for one another in an ideal fluid flow system. This is essentially a type of conservation of energy.
Picture the following situation:
You have a tube that abruptly changes radius from a large radius to a small radius and an ideal fluid is flowing from the large radius section to the small radius section. In this situation, the fluid pressure of the fluid in the large radius part of the tube is actually greater than the pressure in the small radius part of the tube. In addition, note that the fluid velocity is higher in the small part of the tube than the large part of the tube.
Bernoulli's principle is basically saying that as a fluid's velocity goes up, it's fluid pressure must go down, and as it's velocity goes down, it's fluid pressure must go up. In essence, this is a form of conservation of energy; the increase in kinetic energy of the fluid going from the large part of the tube to the small part of the tube occurs at the expense of a drop in fluid pressure.
**EDIT: Wikipedia actually explains this decently well. It's a little too in depth for the MCAT, but here ya go: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle ** (See Diagram)
Okay so realizing that fact, now think about what is observed to happen in the blood vessels.
As you go from the aorta to the capillaries, The cross-sectional area of the sum of the tubes increases.
1) That is, the cross-sectional area of the capillaries summed together is far greater than the cross-sectional area of the aorta.
2) Also remember that fluid velocity is higher in the aorta than in the capillaries.
3) In addition, blood pressure is observed to decrease from the aorta to the capillaries. That is, pressure decreases as you move toward the veins.
But wait a minute...didn't we just say that Bernoulli's principle states that if the velocity of a fluid were to decrease, that there must be a concurrent increase in the pressure of the fluid? Doesn't that imply that pressure should increase as we move from the aorta (small cross-sectional area) to the capillaries (large cross-sectional area)? Yes, that is Bernoulli's principle. Hmmm...so what's wrong? This means that Bernoulli's principle is not satisfied by the circulatory system!! But why?
It should be noted that Bernoulli's principle only really applies under some very ideal conditions: Non-turbulent flow, laminar flow, incompressible fluids and low mach numbers. The cardiovascular system does not satisfy those requirements save low mach numbers and incompressibility (and even incompressibility is not satisfied at the level of the capillaries for reasons explained below.)
Now if you were talking flow JUST in a large single tube artery, then you could make an approximation with Bernoulli's equation. The cardiovascular system, however is not a laminar flow system, but rather a pulsatile flow system (think beating heart), it also has many imperfect bifurcations (branches) which cause turbulent flow, and also, its has particles in the fluid (Cells, proteins, etc.) which are not a negligible size as the arteries branch off into smaller and smaller tubes. In capillaries, the red blood cells can be the same width as the capillary itself. In those situations, the fluid is no longer incompressible...heck some would argue it's not even really a fluid. Thus, overall, Bernoulli's equation does not hold for the circulatory system!
We can conceptually break the 'equilibrium' between pressure and kinetic energy from Bernoulli's equation into two principles based on cross-sectional area:
**Note that the following argument is not entirely accurate, and is functional only in terms of the cardiovascular system.
1) "As Cross-sectional area increases, fluid velocity decreases"
and
2) "As Cross-sectional area increases, fluid pressure increases."
For the cardiovascular system, the first one is true, and is seen in the continuity equation: A1v1 = A2v2. In other words, as we move from aorta to capillaries, the fluid velocity decreases.
The second part though, is not true. In fact, as we move from aorta (small cross-sectional area, high velocity) to capillaries (large cross-sectional area, low velocity), the pressure decreases. It does not increase! This is contradictory to Bernoulli's principle for ideal fluids.
So you must be very careful when applying Bernoulli's principle to the cardiovascular system. You must keep straight that the cardiovascular system as a whole does not follow the ideal laws of fluid flow!
I think they mean know the pKa of when the amino acid dissociates. For ex, an uncharged amino acid with only 2 ionizable groups (take glycine for example) has a COOH and an -NH3+ group. At low pH, the amino acid is positively charged. Once it crosses pKa 2 (of the COOH group), the -COOH's deprotonates when pH crosses 2 (and becomes more basic, say at pH 5)..because there are far less H+'s in solution for it to stay protonated. The NH3+ group stays protonated being basic, so the aa becomes positively charged. At isoelectric point (pI= (pKa1+ pka2)/2), all glycine molecules in solution become zwitterions.Can someone clarify something for me?
A lot of people have been saying to know the pKas of the amino acids. Do you mean know the SPECIFIC pKas to the decimal? Or do you mean a general idea of the pKas? For example, pKa 9-10 for amino group and 2-3 for carboxylic group. Also, it's pretty obvious that the pIs of acidic amino acids are less than those of basic amino acids.
Is that enough? Or do you SERIOUSLY need to know the specific pKas of amino acids? Like would questions on the MCAT compare whether lysine or arginine is closer to the + terminal of a gel electrophoresis experiment (this would be tough considering they're both basic amino acids)?
Thanks!
I hate Kaplan full lengths.
I hate reading period at this point. News? no. Magazines? no. Game stuff? no. I just want to sleep.
Death in family - not my dad - am flying "home" on Tue night after class, funeral on Weds, burial on Th in a different location, flying back on Th night, driving on Fr to MCAT site, sitting for MCAT and then 🙁 voiding the exam. It will be my practice test.
I will then withdraw from this cycle 😢 , take the test in January, have everything ready to go June 1, and apply. At the age of 51.
Good luck to everyone taking it for real on the 11th, 12th, and 23rd. Go nail this thing!!! 🙂 🙂
For those who have done the qpacks, how much physiology is in the bio ones?