Some bio questions... confuseddd

[192LT192]

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1) What is a haloenzyme and an apoenzyme?

2) Whats the difference between an allosteric and noncompetitive inhibition?

3) Are carrier and channel proteins used for the same things to bring into the membrane? Do they serve to bring in different types of things into the cell?

4) H20 goes through aquaporins so is this simple or facilitated diffusion? I thought it was simple but if its going through something, shouldnt it be facilitated?

5) Is photosynthesis just the overall process of photophosphorylation (light rxns) and calvin cycle (dark rxns)?

6) How many H-bonds between A-T and between C-G?

Any clarifications would be very much appreciated 😀

 

[nze82]

1) What is a haloenzyme and an apoenzyme?

Holoenzyme = Enzyme (AKA Apoenzyme) + Coenzyme (AKA Cofactor)

2) Whats the difference between an allosteric and noncompetitive inhibition?

Allosteric inhibition is a form of noncompetitive inhibition. Allosteric enzymes have a sites in addition to their active site (site of substrate binding), where molecules known as activators or inhibitors can bind. When inhibitors bind to such sites, they deactivate the enzyme. When activators bind to such sites, they activate the enzyme. Since, in both cases, the sites where activators and/or inhibitors bind are separate from the active site of the enzyme, the activators and/or inhibitors don't compete with the substrate for the active site. Hence, the broader name "Non-competitive Inhibition/Activation").

3) Are carrier and channel proteins used for the same things to bring into the membrane? Do they serve to bring in different types of things into the cell?

Channels are generally used to transport smaller charged molecules/ions; whereas, carriers are used for transport of larger molecules such as glucose. Keep in mind that carriers pass molecules from one side of the membrane to the other by undergoing conformational changes; whereas, channels simply provide a "hole" within the membrane, allowing certain molecules/ion to pass through.

4) H20 goes through aquaporins so is this simple or facilitated diffusion? I thought it was simple but if its going through something, shouldnt it be facilitated?

It's simple diffusion, because it requires no energy expenditure. In fact, water can diffuse through the membrane without the need for any channels. The only reason some cells (specially kidney cells) have aquaporins is that they make water transport more efficient.

5) Is photosynthesis just the overall process of photophosphorylation (light rxns) and calvin cycle (dark rxns)?
Yes! There are two components to photosynethesis:
-Light reaction = Produces ATP and NADPH
-Dark reaction = Uses the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reaction to produce sugars. Calvin cycle is the main player here.

6) How many H-bonds between A-T and between C-G?

A-T = 2 Hydrogen bonds
C-G = 3 Hydrogen bonds

This explains why a DNA sample with a high C-G content doesn't denature as easily as a DNA sample with a high A-T content.

Any clarifications would be very much appreciated 😀

Hope this helps!

 

[192LT192]

nze thank you so much! your answers are EXACTLY what i needed. 👍