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My residency program in Boston had 32 residents (plus around 12 fellows) and 0 PA's for 55K surgicals a year. My private group has 4 fully trained PA's that do all the grossing for approximately the same number of surgicals.
There are no doubt programs that exist that game the system to their advantage. However, I think the notion that there are program directors out there lining their pockets off the gme gravy train has been debunked. Are there ways to financially benefit your institution by hiring more residents than necessary? Probably. Are the financial incentives so easy to abuse that the entire system has milked it to the point there is a large oversupply of trainees? Very doubtful. If there are, that's not just a path issue. That's going to be abused everywhere.
I think bad assumptions on retirement age, unknowns in healthcare regs, and better than anticipated gains in productivity are the reasons the market is tight. The notion that there is some academic / large lab conspiracy to keep the labor supply up is pretty far out there.
I wouldn't work with these people if I was paid a million bucks, literally makes you dumber if you spend any time around them. Guess what though, these are the people educating significant number of pathologists and you wonder why people can't get a job or work up a case properly. Same goes for Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt, retiree and apparently sued multiple times in PR who is now a program director. It's scary people. That accounts for 2 out of 145 residency programs. Some of the other programs are allegedly run poorly from what had been reported and my assessment of the connections of certain chairs of pathology departments across the US. Hmm... Definitely some shady stuff. I wish there was more transparency and accountability at academic institutions with their hiring and promotion practices, along with disclaimers on nepotism and other salacious factors leading to hiring because this stuff decreases professionalism standards. It's just so much harder for everyone else when this sort of stuff is happening, use and loose your residents to a tune of millions in profit every year, and then ruining people's lives, literally.