Minnesota Conference readings are a little shaky on science to say the least:
Goghari (2022)
“Inclusive Science and Knowledge Traditions
Like all ways of knowing, psychological knowledge is produced in a sociopolitical context; however, this context is largely unacknowledged in our training. It should be noted that both Western and non-Western knowledge traditions include many ways of knowing, and the emphasis on different elements is a matter of degree rather than dichotomous; it is important to teach trainees about these varied epistemological approaches. Scientific clinical psychology has historically been rooted in European positivist and quantitative ways of knowing—specifically, notions of science that favour analytical, reductionist methods, in contrast to other knowledge tradition systems that may give greater weight to intuitive and holistic approaches. Of importance, whereas the science traditions that undergird clinical psychology emphasize materialist, objective, and quantitative concerns, many other knowledge traditions place a greater value on spiritual, subjective, and qualitative matters, and set no firm boundary between the empirical and sacred realms (Nakashima & Roué, 2002).
…
Most clinical psychologists (myself included) do not understand and are not taught about the positivist philosophies that underlie our discipline’s conceptualization of knowledge. But serving our diverse clinical clientele in a competent manner requires us to have a basic understanding of the assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of both our own scientific models and of other models of knowing. Additionally, training our students to appreciate different knowledge systems and to be capable of conversing with people who represent diverse ways of knowing will prepare our future practitioners to be better critical thinkers and global citizens. In presenting the founding and history of this discipline, clinical psychology programmes need to push beyond the typical enumeration of Western “great men and great ideas” (Furumoto, 2003), and foreground the histories of women, racialized individuals, as well as other underrepresented groups. To assert that clients with different, non-Western ways of understanding their reality are incorrect, or to require that they interpret the world through a specifically Western cultural lens, is not only harmful and misguided, but fails to recognize the inadequacy of focusing selectively on prominent Western ways of knowing.”
Hmmm. I’ve seen this stuff on Western science and “ways of knowing” somewhere else… Oh wait, it’s from the shaky-on-science Objectives on the MNC website:
“It (Neuropsychology) is inherently biased in the western perspective in which it was developed, and it utilizes many methods that are based on narrow, highly selective samples derived from decades-old assessment and intervention strategies. …CN currently requires paradigmatic changes in ways of conceptualizing, knowing and doing science, training, and practice to become more internally and externally valid, equitable, and just…More broadly, there is a need for CN to recognize, revise, and repair structures, systems, and values that have rewarded and privileged certain ways of knowing and excluded and disregarded diverse perspectives and experiences.”
Okay. So regarding...
...
"those European positivist and quantitative ways of knowing"
(probably referring to a number of strands of thought in the philosophy of science in the early 20th century such as positivism (aka logical positivism, logical empiricism, verificationism/falsificationism, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, empirical tests of theories/hypotheses (listening to the data), emphasis on quantification and statistical/mathematical analysis, the operational character of scientific concepts (operationism), etc.)
umm...
...
"those European positivist and quantitative ways of knowing" are largely responsible for the
incredibly rapid advances in the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) from around the early 20th century through the remainder of the 20th century. Some of it had tendrils all the way back to Francis Bacon and Auguste Compte but things really didn't get fleshed out in the modern 'philosophy of science' (and begin to be widely adopted by scientists) until around the early-mid 20th century (any book or course on the philosophy of science proper may be referenced--or any history book, for that matter). The entire
world (including Europe) had been stalled out (in terms of real progress in the natural sciences) for hundreds of years (even millennia) while it was honoring all the "
many other knowledge traditions [that] place a greater value on spiritual, subjective, and qualitative matters, and set no firm boundary between the empirical and sacred realms."
Do you enjoy the fruits of refrigeration, microwave ovens, modern pharmaceuticals that treat horrific, deadly diseases, modern obstetrics/gynecology (and safe childbirth and dramatically lowered infant mortality rates), computers, iPhones and posting political philosophy (and/or your derrier) on social media?
Thank a 'European positivist' (and their 'ways of knowing').
Ideas are tools, and some are superior to others in terms of getting results in the natural world. From a 'ways of knowing' (epistemological) perspective:
astronomy is superior to astrology
(OBJECTIVELY SO...not just 'sociopolitically' and not arbitrarily)
chemistry is superior to alchemy
(OBJECTIVELY SO...not just 'sociopolitically' and not arbitrarily)
biology is superior to vitalism
(OBJECTIVELY SO...not just 'sociopolitically' and not arbitrarily)
Anyone who would deny the significance of the difference in technological achievement between, say (a) the erection of a Temple to Apollo in ancient Greece; and (b) the Apollo missions to the moon...we traveled to and
set foot on the moon--I just don't know what to say to that.
To frame these perspectives as somehow
arbitrary and merely 'sociopolitically rooted' is disingenuous (or ignorant) in the extreme.
Are professional neuropsychologists now--for political correctness' sake--on the verge of putting in writing that they
don't believe that, say,
neuropsychology is superior to phrenology, mesmerism, spiritualism (
OBJECTIVELY SO...not just 'sociopolitically' and not arbitrarily)???
Should we replace objective testing (and statistical analysis of neuropsychological performance), neurology, biochemistry, advanced imaging techniques with...what? Phrenological analysis? Jungian analysis? Focus groups? Ouija boards? Nordic runestones and chicken bones?
Really???
This is just so incredibly sad (but fascinating) to witness. The madness of it, I mean. Like, on a mass scale.